PMID- 29272501
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190109
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 1745-1701 (Electronic)
IS  - 0586-7614 (Print)
IS  - 0586-7614 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 4
DP  - 2018 Jun 6
TI  - Retinal Layer Abnormalities as Biomarkers of Schizophrenia.
PG  - 876-885
LID - 10.1093/schbul/sbx130 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is associated with several brain deficits, as well as 
      visual processing deficits, but clinically useful biomarkers are elusive. We 
      hypothesized that retinal layer changes, noninvasively visualized using 
      spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), may represent a possible 
      "window" to these abnormalities. METHODS: A Leica EnvisuTM SD-OCT device was used 
      to obtain high-resolution central foveal B-scans in both eyes of 35 patients with 
      schizophrenia and 50 demographically matched controls. Manual retinal layer 
      segmentation was performed to acquire individual and combined layer thickness 
      measurements in 3 macular regions. Contrast sensitivity was measured at 3 spatial 
      frequencies in a subgroup of each cohort. Differences were compared using 
      adjusted linear models and significantly different layer measures in patients 
      underwent Spearman Rank correlations with contrast sensitivity, quantified 
      symptoms severity, disease duration, and antipsychotic medication dose. RESULTS: 
      Total retinal and photoreceptor complex thickness was reduced in all regions in 
      patients (P < .0001). Segmentation revealed consistent thinning of the outer 
      nuclear layer (P < .001) and inner segment layer (P < .05), as well as a pattern 
      of parafoveal ganglion cell changes. Low spatial frequency contrast sensitivity 
      was reduced in patients (P = .002) and correlated with temporal parafoveal 
      ganglion cell complex thinning (R = .48, P = .01). Negative symptom severity was 
      inversely correlated with foveal photoreceptor complex thickness (R = -.54, P = 
      .001) and outer nuclear layer thickness (R = -.47, P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Our 
      novel findings demonstrate considerable retinal layer abnormalities in 
      schizophrenia that are related to clinical features and visual function. With 
      time, SD-OCT could provide easily-measurable biomarkers to facilitate clinical 
      assessment and further our understanding of the disease.
FAU - Samani, Niraj N
AU  - Samani NN
AD  - University of Leicester Medical School, Leicester, UK.
FAU - Proudlock, Frank A
AU  - Proudlock FA
AD  - Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, 
      Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK.
FAU - Siram, Vasantha
AU  - Siram V
AD  - Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Bradgate Unit, Glenfield Hospital, 
      Leicester, UK.
FAU - Suraweera, Chathurie
AU  - Suraweera C
AD  - Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Bradgate Unit, Glenfield Hospital, 
      Leicester, UK.
FAU - Hutchinson, Claire
AU  - Hutchinson C
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, 
      Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK.
FAU - Nelson, Christopher P
AU  - Nelson CP
AD  - NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, 
      Leicester, UK.
FAU - Al-Uzri, Mohammed
AU  - Al-Uzri M
AD  - Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Bradgate Unit, Glenfield Hospital, 
      Leicester, UK.
AD  - Adult Social and Epidemiological Psychiatry and Disability Research Group, 
      Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester General 
      Hospital, Leicester, UK.
FAU - Gottlob, Irene
AU  - Gottlob I
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, 
      Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - MR/J004189/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - MR/N004566/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Schizophr Bull
JT  - Schizophrenia bulletin
JID - 0236760
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Contrast Sensitivity/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Retina/*diagnostic imaging/pathology
MH  - Schizophrenia/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Tomography, Optical Coherence
PMC - PMC6007436
EDAT- 2017/12/23 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/10 06:00
PMCR- 2017/12/19
CRDT- 2017/12/23 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2017/12/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/12/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 4762481 [pii]
AID - sbx130 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/schbul/sbx130 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Schizophr Bull. 2018 Jun 6;44(4):876-885. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbx130.