PMID- 29287182 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190828 LR - 20190828 IS - 1096-0953 (Electronic) IS - 0013-9351 (Linking) VI - 162 DP - 2018 Apr TI - Persistent organic pollutants, skull size and bone density of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland 1892-2015 and Svalbard 1964-2004. PG - 74-80 LID - S0013-9351(17)31737-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.009 [doi] AB - We investigated skull size (condylobasal length; CBL) and bone mineral density (BMD) in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland (n = 307) and Svalbard (n = 173) sampled during the period 1892-2015 in East Greenland and 1964-2004 at Svalbard. Adult males from East Greenland showed a continuous decrease in BMD from 1892 to 2015 (linear regression: p < 0.01) indicating that adult male skulls collected in the early pre-pollution period had the highest BMD. A similar decrease in BMD over time was not found for the East Greenland adult females. However, there was a non-significant trend that the skull size of adult East Greenland females was negatively correlated with collection year 1892-2015 (linear regression: p = 0.06). No temporal change was found for BMD or skull size in Svalbard polar bears (ANOVA: all p > 0.05) nor was there any significant difference in BMD between Svalbard and East Greenland subpopulations. Skull size was larger in polar bears from Svalbard than from East Greenland (two-way ANOVA: p = 0.003). T-scores reflecting risk of osteoporosis showed that adult males from both East Greenland and Svalbard are at risk of developing osteopenia. Finally, when correcting for age and sex, BMD in East Greenland polar bears increased with increasing concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) i.e. SigmaPCB (polychlorinated biphenyls), SigmaHCH (hexachlorohexane), HCB (hexachlorobenzene) and SigmaPBDE (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) while skull size increased with SigmaHCH concentrations all in the period 1999-2014 (multiple linear regression: all p < 0.05, n = 175). The results suggest that environmental changes over time, including exposure to POPs, may affect bone density and size of polar bears. CI - Copyright (c) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Daugaard-Petersen, Tobias AU - Daugaard-Petersen T AD - Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: tobiasdaugaardpetersen@gmail.com. FAU - Langebaek, Rikke AU - Langebaek R AD - University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Dyrlaegevej 16, 1-72, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Electronic address: ril@sund.ku.dk. FAU - Riget, Frank F AU - Riget FF AD - Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: ffr@bios.au.dk. FAU - Letcher, Robert J AU - Letcher RJ AD - Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. Electronic address: Robert.Letcher@canada.ca. FAU - Hyldstrup, Lars AU - Hyldstrup L AD - University Hospital of Hvidovre, Kettegaards Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. Electronic address: larshyldstrup@dadlnet.dk. FAU - Jensen, Jens-Erik Bech AU - Jensen JB AD - University Hospital of Hvidovre, Kettegaards Alle 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. Electronic address: jebj@dadlnet.dk. FAU - Bechshoft, Thea AU - Bechshoft T AD - University of Alberta, CW 405, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9. Electronic address: thea.bechshoft@ualberta.ca. FAU - Wiig, Oystein AU - Wiig O AD - Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172 Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: oystein.wiig@nhm.uio.no. FAU - Jenssen, Bjorn Munro AU - Jenssen BM AD - Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Hogskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. Electronic address: bjorn.munro.jenssen@ntnu.no. FAU - Pertoldi, Cino AU - Pertoldi C AD - Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section for Environmental technology, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Electronic address: cp@bio.aau.dk. FAU - Lorenzen, Eline D AU - Lorenzen ED AD - Aalborg Zoo, Molleparkvej 63, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark. Electronic address: elinelorenzen@snm.ku.dk. FAU - Dietz, Rune AU - Dietz R AD - Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: cp@bio.aau.dk. FAU - Sonne, Christian AU - Sonne C AD - Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: cs@bios.au.dk. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20171226 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Res JT - Environmental research JID - 0147621 RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - 0 (Organic Chemicals) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Bone Density MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity MH - Female MH - Greenland MH - Male MH - Organic Chemicals/toxicity MH - *Skull/anatomy & histology MH - Svalbard MH - *Ursidae/anatomy & histology/physiology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bone mineral density OT - Condylobasal length OT - East Greenland OT - Global change OT - PBT OT - POPs OT - Persistent bioaccumulative toxicants OT - Svalbard EDAT- 2017/12/30 06:00 MHDA- 2019/08/29 06:00 CRDT- 2017/12/30 06:00 PHST- 2017/11/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/12/10 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2017/12/12 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2017/12/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/08/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2017/12/30 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0013-9351(17)31737-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.009 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Res. 2018 Apr;162:74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.009. Epub 2017 Dec 26.