PMID- 29299040
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240327
IS  - 1743-7075 (Print)
IS  - 1743-7075 (Electronic)
IS  - 1743-7075 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2017
TI  - The metabolism and significance of homocysteine in nutrition and health.
PG  - 78
LID - 10.1186/s12986-017-0233-z [doi]
LID - 78
AB  - An association between arteriosclerosis and homocysteine (Hcy) was first 
      demonstrated in 1969. Hcy is a sulfur containing amino acid derived from the 
      essential amino acid methionine (Met). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was 
      subsequently shown in several age-related pathologies such as osteoporosis, 
      Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and cardiovascular disease 
      (CVD). Also, Hcy is associated with (but not limited to) cancer, aortic aneurysm, 
      hypothyroidism and end renal stage disease to mention some. The circulating 
      levels of Hcy can be increased by defects in enzymes of the metabolism of Met, 
      deficiencies of vitamins B(6), B(12) and folate or by feeding Met enriched diets. 
      Additionally, some of the pharmaceuticals currently in clinical practice such as 
      lipid lowering, and anti-Parkinsonian drugs are known to elevate Hcy levels. 
      Studies on supplementation with folate, vitamins B(6) and B(12) have shown 
      reduction in Hcy levels but concomitant reduction in certain associated 
      pathologies have not been definitive. The enormous importance of Hcy in health 
      and disease is illustrated by its prevalence in the medical literature (e.g. > 
      22,000 publications). Although there are compelling data in favor of Hcy as a 
      modifiable risk factor, the debate regarding the significance of Hcy mediated 
      health effects is still ongoing. Despite associations between increased levels of 
      Hcy with several pathologies being well documented, whether it is a causative 
      factor, or an effect remains inconclusive. The present review though not 
      exhaustive, is focused on several important aspects of Hcy metabolism and their 
      relevance to health.
FAU - Kumar, Avinash
AU  - Kumar A
AD  - Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton 
      Rouge, LA 70813 USA. ISNI: 0000 0004 0386 0655. GRID: grid.263880.7
FAU - Palfrey, Henry A
AU  - Palfrey HA
AD  - Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton 
      Rouge, LA 70813 USA. ISNI: 0000 0004 0386 0655. GRID: grid.263880.7
FAU - Pathak, Rashmi
AU  - Pathak R
AD  - Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton 
      Rouge, LA 70813 USA. ISNI: 0000 0004 0386 0655. GRID: grid.263880.7
FAU - Kadowitz, Philip J
AU  - Kadowitz PJ
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 
      USA. ISNI: 0000 0001 2217 8588. GRID: grid.265219.b
FAU - Gettys, Thomas W
AU  - Gettys TW
AD  - Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical 
      Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA. ISNI: 0000 0001 2159 6024. GRID: 
      grid.250514.7
FAU - Murthy, Subramanyam N
AU  - Murthy SN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9337-329X
AD  - Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton 
      Rouge, LA 70813 USA. ISNI: 0000 0004 0386 0655. GRID: grid.263880.7
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20171222
PL  - England
TA  - Nutr Metab (Lond)
JT  - Nutrition & metabolism
JID - 101231644
PMC - PMC5741875
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular disease
OT  - Dietary
OT  - Homocysteine
OT  - Hyperhomocysteinemia
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Methionine
COIS- Not Applicable.Not Applicable.None of the authors have any competing 
      interest.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in 
      published maps and institutional affiliations.
EDAT- 2018/01/05 06:00
MHDA- 2018/01/05 06:01
PMCR- 2017/12/22
CRDT- 2018/01/05 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/12/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/01/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/01/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/01/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/12/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 233 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12986-017-0233-z [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutr Metab (Lond). 2017 Dec 22;14:78. doi: 10.1186/s12986-017-0233-z. eCollection 
      2017.