PMID- 29304014
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181112
LR  - 20190318
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Jan 5
TI  - Environmental Risk Factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic 
      Review.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph15010078 [doi]
LID - 78
AB  - Different elements of the environment have been posited to influence type 2 
      diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review summarizes evidence on the 
      environmental determinants of T2DM identified in four databases. It proposes a 
      theoretical framework illustrating the link between environment and T2DM, and 
      briefly discusses some methodological challenges and potential solutions, and 
      opportunities for future research. Walkability, air pollution, food and physical 
      activity environment and roadways proximity were the most common environmental 
      characteristics studied. Of the more than 200 reported and extracted 
      relationships assessed in 60 studies, 82 showed significant association in the 
      expected direction. In general, higher levels of walkability and green space were 
      associated with lower T2DM risk, while increased levels of noise and air 
      pollution were associated with greater risk. Current evidence is limited in terms 
      of volume and study quality prohibiting causal inferences. However, the evidence 
      suggests that environmental characteristics may influence T2DM prevention, and 
      also provides a reasonable basis for further investigation with better quality 
      data and longitudinal studies with policy-relevant environmental measures. This 
      pursuit of better evidence is critical to support health-orientated urban design 
      and city planning.
FAU - Dendup, Tashi
AU  - Dendup T
AD  - Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health 
      and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 
      NSW 2522, Australia. td869@uowmail.edu.au.
FAU - Feng, Xiaoqi
AU  - Feng X
AD  - Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health 
      and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 
      NSW 2522, Australia. xfeng@uow.edu.au.
AD  - Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, 
      Australia. xfeng@uow.edu.au.
FAU - Clingan, Stephanie
AU  - Clingan S
AD  - Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health 
      and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 
      NSW 2522, Australia. stc51@uowmail.edu.au.
FAU - Astell-Burt, Thomas
AU  - Astell-Burt T
AD  - Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health 
      and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 
      NSW 2522, Australia. thomasab@uow.edu.au.
AD  - Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, 
      Australia. thomasab@uow.edu.au.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20180105
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollution/*adverse effects
MH  - *City Planning
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*etiology/physiopathology
MH  - Environment Design/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Exercise
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Residence Characteristics
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Urban Health
MH  - Walking
PMC - PMC5800177
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - *air pollution
OT  - *environment
OT  - *green space
OT  - *noise
OT  - *type 2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - *walkability
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/01/06 06:00
MHDA- 2018/11/13 06:00
PMCR- 2018/01/01
CRDT- 2018/01/06 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/12/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/12/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/01/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/01/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/11/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph15010078 [pii]
AID - ijerph-15-00078 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph15010078 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jan 5;15(1):78. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph15010078.