PMID- 29318370 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180523 LR - 20220408 IS - 1432-5233 (Electronic) IS - 0940-5429 (Linking) VI - 55 IP - 3 DP - 2018 Mar TI - The metabolism and transport of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in cells. PG - 279-286 LID - 10.1007/s00592-017-1093-8 [doi] AB - AIMS: Our previous studies demonstrated that serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels increased slightly rather than declined after an acute glucose load. Therefore, the current study aims at exploring the transport and metabolic characteristics of 1,5-AG, as well as the effect of glucose on 1,5-AG transport. METHODS: K(m) and V(max) were determined to measure the affinity of glucose oxidase (GOD) and hexokinase (HK) for 1,5-AG and glucose. HepG2, C2C12, and primary mouse hepatocytes were incubated for 2 h with 1,5-AG at concentrations of 0, 80, and 160 mug/mL. Then, intracellular and extracellular concentrations of 1,5-AG were measured before and after washing with PBS to evaluate the transport and metabolic rates of 1,5-AG. In addition, the influence of an acute glucose load on the transport of 1,5-AG was studied. RESULTS: The affinity of GOD and HK for 1,5-AG is 5 and 42.5% of that for glucose, respectively. Moreover, there is no de novo synthesis of 1,5-AG, and its metabolic rate is < 3%. After a 2 h incubation with additional 1,5-AG, the intracellular levels of 1,5-AG were 50-80% of extracellular levels. Moreover, intracellular 1,5-AG concentrations decreased rapidly and reached zero following the removal of 1,5-AG from the external medium. In addition, an acute glucose load can affect the dynamic balance of 1,5-AG, causing the intracellular 1,5-AG levels to decline significantly and the extracellular levels to increase slightly in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike glucose, 1,5-AG is hard to be metabolized in vivo, and its transport is influenced by an acute glucose load in hepatocytes. FAU - Ying, Lingwen AU - Ying L AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Ma, Xiaojing AU - Ma X AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Yin, Jun AU - Yin J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9826-3583 AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. yinjun@sjtu.edu.cn. FAU - Wang, Yufei AU - Wang Y AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - He, Xingxing AU - He X AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Peng, Jiahui AU - Peng J AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Bao, Yuqian AU - Bao Y AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Zhou, Jian AU - Zhou J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1534-2279 AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. zhoujian@sjtu.edu.cn. FAU - Jia, Weiping AU - Jia W AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. LA - eng GR - 81670790/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - 15411963500/Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Medical Guide Project/ GR - 2016D01C084/Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China/ GR - 20161430/Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support/ GR - SHDC12016108/Shanghai United Developing Technology Project of Municipal Hospitals/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180109 PL - Germany TA - Acta Diabetol JT - Acta diabetologica JID - 9200299 RN - 54BB3B7XMZ (1,5-anhydroglucitol) RN - 9G2MP84A8W (Deoxyglucose) RN - EC 1.1.3.4 (Glucose Oxidase) RN - EC 2.7.1.1 (Hexokinase) RN - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Biological Transport MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Deoxyglucose/*metabolism/pharmacokinetics MH - Glucose/metabolism MH - Glucose Oxidase/metabolism MH - Hep G2 Cells MH - Hepatocytes/*metabolism MH - Hexokinase/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Intracellular Fluid/chemistry/*metabolism MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL OTO - NOTNLM OT - 1,5-anhydroglucitol OT - Glucose load OT - Glucose oxidase OT - Hexokinase OT - Metabolism OT - Transport EDAT- 2018/01/11 06:00 MHDA- 2018/05/24 06:00 CRDT- 2018/01/11 06:00 PHST- 2017/10/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2017/12/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/01/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/05/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/01/11 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s00592-017-1093-8 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s00592-017-1093-8 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Acta Diabetol. 2018 Mar;55(3):279-286. doi: 10.1007/s00592-017-1093-8. Epub 2018 Jan 9.