PMID- 29329243
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180222
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Jan 12
TI  - Characteristics of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Multipath and Its 
      Mitigation Method Based on Kalman Filter and Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother.
LID - 10.3390/s18010198 [doi]
LID - 198
AB  - Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase measurement for short 
      baseline meets the requirements of deformation monitoring of large structures. 
      However, the carrier phase multipath effect is the main error source with double 
      difference (DD) processing. There are lots of methods to deal with the multipath 
      errors of Global Position System (GPS) carrier phase data. The BeiDou navigation 
      satellite System (BDS) multipath mitigation is still a research hotspot because 
      the unique constellation design of BDS makes it different to mitigate multipath 
      effects compared to GPS. Multipath error periodically repeats for its strong 
      correlation to geometry of satellites, reflective surface and antenna which is 
      also repetitive. We analyzed the characteristics of orbital periods of BDS 
      satellites which are consistent with multipath repeat periods of corresponding 
      satellites. The results show that the orbital periods and multipath periods for 
      BDS geostationary earth orbit (GEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) 
      satellites are about one day but the periods of MEO satellites are about seven 
      days. The Kalman filter (KF) and Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother (RTSS) was 
      introduced to extract the multipath models from single difference (SD) residuals 
      with traditional sidereal filter (SF). Wavelet filter and Empirical mode 
      decomposition (EMD) were also used to mitigate multipath effects. The 
      experimental results show that the three filters methods all have obvious effect 
      on improvement of baseline accuracy and the performance of KT-RTSS method is 
      slightly better than that of wavelet filter and EMD filter. The baseline vector 
      accuracy on east, north and up (E, N, U) components with KF-RTSS method were 
      improved by 62.8%, 63.6%, 62.5% on day of year 280 and 57.3%, 53.4%, 55.9% on day 
      of year 281, respectively.
FAU - Zhang, Qiuzhao
AU  - Zhang Q
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8050-3991
AD  - School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining 
      and Technology, NO. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221000, China. qiuzhaocumt@163.com.
FAU - Yang, Wei
AU  - Yang W
AD  - School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining 
      and Technology, NO. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221000, China. 
      ts16160034a3tm@cumt.edu.cn.
FAU - Zhang, Shubi
AU  - Zhang S
AD  - School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining 
      and Technology, NO. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221000, China. zhangsbi@vip.sina.com.
FAU - Liu, Xin
AU  - Liu X
AD  - School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining 
      and Technology, NO. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221000, China. cumtlx2015@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180112
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
PMC - PMC5795498
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BDS
OT  - EMD
OT  - Kalman filters and RTSS
OT  - multipath
OT  - single difference residuals
OT  - wavelet
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/01/13 06:00
MHDA- 2018/01/13 06:01
PMCR- 2018/01/01
CRDT- 2018/01/13 06:00
PHST- 2017/10/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/01/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/01/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/01/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/01/13 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s18010198 [pii]
AID - sensors-18-00198 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s18010198 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2018 Jan 12;18(1):198. doi: 10.3390/s18010198.