PMID- 29355982
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191015
LR  - 20191015
IS  - 1440-1630 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-0766 (Linking)
VI  - 65
IP  - 2
DP  - 2018 Apr
TI  - iPad applications that required a range of motor skills promoted motor 
      coordination in children commencing primary school.
PG  - 146-155
LID - 10.1111/1440-1630.12450 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIM: Children are reported to spend less time engaged in outdoor 
      activity and object-related play than in the past. The increased use and mobility 
      of technology, and the ease of use of tablet devices are some of the factors that 
      have contributed to these changes. Concern has been raised that the use of such 
      screen and surface devices in very young children is reducing their fine motor 
      skill development. We examined the effectiveness of iPad applications that 
      required specific motor skills designed to improve fine motor skills. METHOD: We 
      conducted a two-group non-randomised controlled trial with two pre-primary 
      classrooms (53 children; 5-6 years) in an Australian co-educational school, using 
      a pre- and post-test design. The effectiveness of 30 minutes daily use of 
      specific iPad applications for 9 weeks was compared with a control class. 
      Children completed the Beery Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) 
      and observation checklist, the Shore Handwriting Screen, and self-care items from 
      the Hawaii Early Learning Profile. RESULTS: On post testing, the experimental 
      group made a statistically and clinically significant improvement on the VMI 
      motor coordination standard scores with a moderate clinical effect size 
      (P < 0.001; d = 0.67). Children's occupational performance in daily tasks also 
      improved. CONCLUSION: Preliminary evidence was gained for using the iPad, with 
      these motor skill-specific applications as an intervention in occupational 
      therapy practice and as part of at home or school play.
CI  - (c) 2018 Occupational Therapy Australia.
FAU - Axford, Caitlin
AU  - Axford C
AD  - School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western 
      Australia, Australia.
FAU - Joosten, Annette V
AU  - Joosten AV
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4722-1081
AD  - School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western 
      Australia, Australia.
AD  - School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, 
      Australia.
FAU - Harris, Courtenay
AU  - Harris C
AD  - School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western 
      Australia, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Controlled Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180121
PL  - Australia
TA  - Aust Occup Ther J
JT  - Australian occupational therapy journal
JID - 15420200R
SB  - IM
MH  - Australia
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Development/physiology
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - *Computers, Handheld
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Learning
MH  - Male
MH  - Motor Skills/*physiology
MH  - Occupational Therapy/*methods
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/*physiology
MH  - Schools
MH  - *Task Performance and Analysis
MH  - Visual Perception/*physiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - children
OT  - fine motor
OT  - iPad
OT  - school
OT  - technology
EDAT- 2018/01/23 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/16 06:00
CRDT- 2018/01/23 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/01/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/01/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/1440-1630.12450 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Aust Occup Ther J. 2018 Apr;65(2):146-155. doi: 10.1111/1440-1630.12450. Epub 
      2018 Jan 21.