PMID- 29361954
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190104
LR  - 20190104
IS  - 1744-8603 (Electronic)
IS  - 1744-8603 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Jan 23
TI  - Perceived barriers to early detection of breast cancer in Wakiso District, Uganda 
      using a socioecological approach.
PG  - 9
LID - 10.1186/s12992-018-0326-0 [doi]
LID - 9
AB  - BACKGROUND: Early detection of breast cancer is known to improve its prognosis. 
      However, women in most low and middle income countries, including Uganda, do not 
      detect it early hence present at an advanced stage. This study investigated the 
      perceived barriers to early detection of breast cancer in Wakiso district, Uganda 
      using a multilevel approach focused through a socioecological framework. METHODS: 
      Using qualitative methods, participants were purposively selected to take part in 
      the study. 5 semi-structured interviews were conducted among the community 
      members while two focus groups were conducted amongst women's group and community 
      health workers (CHWs) in Ssisa sub county, Wakiso district. In addition, 7 key 
      informant interviews with health professionals, policy makers and public health 
      researchers were carried out. RESULTS: Findings from the study revealed that 
      barriers to early detection of breast cancer are multifaceted and complex, 
      cutting across individual, interpersonal, organizational, community and policy 
      barriers. The major themes that emerged from the study included: knowledge, 
      attitudes, beliefs and practices (KABP); health system and policy constraints; 
      and structural barriers. Prominent barriers associated with KABP were low 
      knowledge, apathy, fear and poor health seeking behaviours. Barriers within the 
      health systems and policy arenas were mostly centred around competing health care 
      burdens within the country, lack of a cancer policy and weak primary health care 
      capacity in Wakiso district. Distance, poverty and limited access to media were 
      identified as the most prominent structural barriers. CONCLUSION: Barriers to 
      early detection of breast cancer are complex and go beyond individual behaviours. 
      These barriers interact across multiple levels of influence such as 
      organizational, community and policy. The findings of this study could provide 
      opportunities for investment in multi-level interventions.
FAU - Ilaboya, Deborah
AU  - Ilaboya D
AD  - Department of Social Work and Health, School of Social Sciences,, Nottingham 
      Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK.
FAU - Gibson, Linda
AU  - Gibson L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1220-8680
AD  - Department of Social Work and Health, School of Social Sciences,, Nottingham 
      Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK. 
      Linda.gibson@ntu.ac.uk.
FAU - Musoke, David
AU  - Musoke D
AD  - Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 
      College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180123
PL  - England
TA  - Global Health
JT  - Globalization and health
JID - 101245734
SB  - IM
MH  - *Attitude to Health
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*prevention & control
MH  - Community Health Workers/psychology
MH  - Early Detection of Cancer/*psychology
MH  - Female
MH  - Focus Groups
MH  - *Health Services Accessibility
MH  - Humans
MH  - Multilevel Analysis
MH  - Qualitative Research
MH  - Uganda
PMC - PMC5781279
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Barriers
OT  - Breast cancer
OT  - Early detection
OT  - Socioecological framework
OT  - Uganda
COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: Ethics approval was obtained in 
      compliance with ethical standards for research involving human participants. 
      Approval was obtained from of Nottingham Trent University School of Social 
      Sciences Ethical Committee (Reference number: 130,315) and Makerere University 
      School of Public Health Higher Degrees, Research and Ethics Committee and Uganda 
      National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) (Reference number 260315) as 
      part of the community health workers project. Informed consent was obtained from 
      all study participants in compliance with the ethical approval. CONSENT FOR 
      PUBLICATION: Not applicable COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they 
      have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral 
      with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional 
      affiliations.
EDAT- 2018/01/25 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/05 06:00
PMCR- 2018/01/23
CRDT- 2018/01/25 06:00
PHST- 2017/02/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/01/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/01/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/01/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12992-018-0326-0 [pii]
AID - 326 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12992-018-0326-0 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Global Health. 2018 Jan 23;14(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12992-018-0326-0.