PMID- 29366639
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180724
LR  - 20180724
IS  - 1096-0333 (Electronic)
IS  - 0041-008X (Linking)
VI  - 341
DP  - 2018 Feb 15
TI  - Combined effects of simultaneous exposure to six phthalates and emulsifier 
      glycerol monosterate on male reproductive system in rats.
PG  - 87-97
LID - S0041-008X(18)30020-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.013 [doi]
AB  - Human beings are inevitably exposed to ubiquitous phthalate esters (PEs), and 
      simultaneously ingesting high quantities of food emulsifiers via daily diet. 
      Glycerin monostearate (GMS) is a widely used food emulsifier. The purposes of 
      this study were to investigate the combined effects between the mixture of six 
      frequently used PEs (MIXPs) and GMS on male rat reproductive system, and further 
      to explore the underlying mechanisms. Male rats were orally administered either 
      sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as controls or MIXPs at three different low-doses 
      with or without GMS (200mg/kg/d) by gavage. The 15-week exposure of MIXPs caused 
      male reproductive toxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, including the 
      decrease of serum testosterone and morphological damage of testis. Metabonomics 
      analyses of urine and Western blotting analyses of steroidogenic proteins (StAR, 
      P450scc, CYP17A1, 17beta-HSD and P450arom) indicated that MIXPs exposure 
      down-regulated the expression of steroidogenic proteins, and might alter androgen 
      metabolism. The results also showed that the presence of GMS exacerbated the 
      toxicities of MIXPs to male rat reproductive system. These findings suggest that 
      food emulsifier GMS could enhance the toxic effects of MIXPs on male hormone 
      biosynthesis.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gao, Hai-Tao
AU  - Gao HT
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, 
      School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
FAU - Xu, Run
AU  - Xu R
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, 
      School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
FAU - Cao, Wei-Xin
AU  - Cao WX
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, 
      School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
FAU - Di, Qian-Nan
AU  - Di QN
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, 
      School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
FAU - Li, Rui-Xian
AU  - Li RX
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, 
      School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
FAU - Lu, Lingeng
AU  - Lu L
AD  - Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, School 
      of Medicine, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA.
FAU - Xu, Qian
AU  - Xu Q
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, 
      School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Suzhou Key 
      Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Suzhou 215123, China. Electronic 
      address: q_xu68@163.com.
FAU - Yu, Shu-Qin
AU  - Yu SQ
AD  - Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Medicinal Material and Applications, 
      College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; 
      Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicinal Biotechnology, 
      College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China. 
      Electronic address: yushuqin@njnu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180203
PL  - United States
TA  - Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
JT  - Toxicology and applied pharmacology
JID - 0416575
RN  - 0 (Emulsifying Agents)
RN  - 0 (Phthalic Acids)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - 6O7F7IX66E (phthalic acid)
RN  - PDC6A3C0OX (Glycerol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drug Synergism
MH  - Emulsifying Agents/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Genitalia, Male/*drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Glycerol/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Male
MH  - Phthalic Acids/administration & dosage/*toxicity
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Testis/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Testosterone/*blood
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Combined effects
OT  - Glycerin monostearate
OT  - Long-term low-dose exposure
OT  - Metabonomics
OT  - Phthalates
OT  - Reproductive toxicity
EDAT- 2018/01/26 06:00
MHDA- 2018/07/25 06:00
CRDT- 2018/01/26 06:00
PHST- 2017/08/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/01/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/01/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/07/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/01/26 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0041-008X(18)30020-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.013 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Feb 15;341:87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.013. 
      Epub 2018 Feb 3.