PMID- 29374687
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180208
LR  - 20180208
IS  - 1791-7530 (Electronic)
IS  - 0250-7005 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 2
DP  - 2018 Feb
TI  - Natural Killer Cell Viability After Hyperthermia Alone or Combined with 
      Radiotherapy with or without Cytokines.
PG  - 655-663
AB  - BACKGROUND: The effects of hyperthermia and irradiation, alone and in 
      combination, on natural killer (NK) cell viability were investigated in vitro. 
      The roles of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN) alpha, beta and gamma in rescuing NK 
      cells from hyperthermia and irradiation were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
      Non-selected NK cells were used as effector cells and K-562 cells as target 
      cells. NK and K-562 cells were treated at 37 to 45 degrees C for 0 to 180 min. The cells 
      were irradiated at room temperature using single doses from 0 to 60 Gy. 
      Recombinant IL-2 at 100 to 450 U/ml and recombinant IFNalpha, beta and gamma at 1,000 U/ml 
      were used for different periods of time. NK cell viability was measured by 
      intracellular adenosine tri-, and diphosphate (ATP, ADP) levels via luminometer, 
      trypan blue exclusion and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Binding capacity of NK 
      effector cells to target K-562 cells was also microscopically assessed. RESULTS: 
      Thermal treatments between 37 and 41 degrees C did not significantly affect the ATP 
      levels of NK cells. Between 41 degrees C and 42 degrees C, ATP levels significantly decreased, 
      whilst there was an insignificant reduction up to 45 degrees C. At 42 degrees C or higher, no 
      recovery was detectable. At 42 degrees C, the ATP level of NK cells rescued by IL-2 were 
      significantly higher than those of controls at 37 degrees C. IFNalpha, beta and gamma had no 
      significant effects. A combination of heating at 42 degrees C and irradiation at 20 Gy 
      significantly reduced the ATP levels (p<0.001) more than heating and irradiation 
      alone. At 42 degrees C, IL-2 abolished the reduction of ATP levels by heating and 
      irradiation. This effect was dependent on heating time and irradiation dose. The 
      ATP/ADP ratio did not significantly change when NK cells were heated for 
      different times at 42 degrees C. Thermal treatment of target K-562 cells at temperatures 
      from 37 to 45 degrees C reduced the number of NK cells binding K-652 cells. CONCLUSION: 
      In vitro, NK cell viability was strongly reduced between 41 degrees C and 42 degrees C. At 42 degrees C, 
      the combination of irradiation and thermal treatment reduced the ATP levels in NK 
      cells. However, IL-2 restored cell viability depending on thermal and radiation 
      doses.
CI  - Copyright(c) 2018, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. 
      Delinasios), All rights reserved.
FAU - Hietanen, Tenho
AU  - Hietanen T
AD  - Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of 
      Tampere, Tampere, Finland tenho@hietanen.net.
FAU - Kapanen, Mika
AU  - Kapanen M
AD  - Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Department of Medical Physics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
FAU - Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, Pirkko-Liisa
AU  - Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL
AD  - Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of 
      Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
AD  - Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Greece
TA  - Anticancer Res
JT  - Anticancer research
JID - 8102988
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 61D2G4IYVH (Adenosine Diphosphate)
RN  - 8L70Q75FXE (Adenosine Triphosphate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Cell Survival
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cytokines/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperthermia, Induced/*methods
MH  - Interleukin-2/pharmacology
MH  - K562 Cells
MH  - Killer Cells, Natural/physiology/*radiation effects
MH  - Radiotherapy/*methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ADP
OT  - ATP
OT  - IFN
OT  - IL-2
OT  - Natural killer (NK) cells
OT  - hyperthermia
OT  - irradiation
OT  - recovery
OT  - viability
EDAT- 2018/01/29 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/09 06:00
CRDT- 2018/01/29 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/11/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/11/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/01/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/01/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - 38/2/655 [pii]
AID - 10.21873/anticanres.12269 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anticancer Res. 2018 Feb;38(2):655-663. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.12269.