PMID- 29411087
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180911
LR  - 20180911
IS  - 1618-2650 (Electronic)
IS  - 1618-2642 (Linking)
VI  - 410
IP  - 22
DP  - 2018 Sep
TI  - Use of a quality control approach to assess measurement uncertainty in the 
      comparison of sample processing techniques in the analysis of pesticide residues 
      in fruits and vegetables.
PG  - 5465-5479
LID - 10.1007/s00216-018-0905-1 [doi]
AB  - In routine monitoring of foods, reduction of analyzed test portion size generally 
      leads to higher sample throughput, less labor, and lower costs of monitoring, but 
      to meet analytical needs, the test portions still need to accurately represent 
      the original bulk samples. With the intent to determine minimal fit-for-purpose 
      sample size, analyses were conducted for up to 93 incurred and added pesticide 
      residues in 10 common fruits and vegetables processed using different sample 
      comminution equipment. The commodities studied consisted of apple, banana, 
      broccoli, celery, grape, green bean, peach, potato, orange, and squash. A Blixer(R) 
      was used to chop the bulk samples at room temperature, and test portions of 15, 
      10, 5, 2, and 1 g were taken for analysis (n = 4 each). Additionally, 40 g 
      subsamples (after freezing) were further comminuted using a cryomill device with 
      liquid nitrogen, and test portions of 5, 2, and 1 g were analyzed (n = 4 each). 
      Both low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS) and 
      ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS/MS were used for analysis. 
      An empirical approach was followed to isolate and estimate the measurement 
      uncertainty contribution of each step in the overall method by adding quality 
      control spikes prior to each step. Addition of an internal standard during 
      extraction normalized the sample preparation step to 0% error contribution, and 
      coefficients of variation (CVs) were 6-7% for the analytical steps (LC and GC) 
      and 6-9% for the sample processing techniques. In practice, overall CVs averaged 
      9-11% among the different analytes, commodities, batches, test portion weights, 
      and analytical and sample processing methods. On average, CVs increased up to 4% 
      and bias 8-12% when using 1-2 g test portions vs. 10-15 g. Graphical abstract 
      Efficient quality control approach to include sample processing.
FAU - Lehotay, Steven J
AU  - Lehotay SJ
AD  - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional 
      Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA. 
      Steven.Lehotay@ars.usda.gov.
FAU - Han, Lijun
AU  - Han L
AD  - College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
FAU - Sapozhnikova, Yelena
AU  - Sapozhnikova Y
AD  - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional 
      Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180206
PL  - Germany
TA  - Anal Bioanal Chem
JT  - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
JID - 101134327
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - Food Quality
MH  - Fruit/*chemistry
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points/methods
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis
MH  - Quality Control
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Uncertainty
MH  - Vegetables/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Comminution
OT  - Fruits and vegetables
OT  - Measurement uncertainty
OT  - Pesticide residues analysis
OT  - Sample processing
EDAT- 2018/02/08 06:00
MHDA- 2018/09/12 06:00
CRDT- 2018/02/08 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/01/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/02/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/09/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/08 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00216-018-0905-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00216-018-0905-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anal Bioanal Chem. 2018 Sep;410(22):5465-5479. doi: 10.1007/s00216-018-0905-1. 
      Epub 2018 Feb 6.