PMID- 29415724
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181218
LR  - 20181218
IS  - 1475-2875 (Electronic)
IS  - 1475-2875 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Feb 7
TI  - Improvement of malaria diagnostic system based on acridine orange staining.
PG  - 72
LID - 10.1186/s12936-018-2214-8 [doi]
LID - 72
AB  - BACKGROUND: Rapid diagnosis of malaria using acridine orange (AO) staining and a 
      light microscope with a halogen lamp and interference filter was deployed in some 
      malaria-endemic countries. However, it has not been widely adopted because: (1) 
      the lamp was weak as an excitation light and the set-up did not work well under 
      unstable power supply; and, (2) the staining of samples was frequently 
      inconsistent. METHODS: The halogen lamp was replaced by a low-cost, blue 
      light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. Using a reformulated AO solution, the staining 
      protocol was revised to make use of a concentration gradient instead of uniform 
      staining. To evaluate this new AO diagnostic system, a pilot field study was 
      conducted in the Lake Victoria basin in Kenya. RESULTS: Without staining failure, 
      malaria infection status of about 100 samples was determined on-site per one 
      microscopist per day, using the improved AO diagnostic system. The improved AO 
      diagnosis had both higher overall sensitivity (46.1 vs 38.9%: p = 0.08) and 
      specificity (99.0 vs 96.3%) than the Giemsa method (N = 1018), using PCR 
      diagnosis as the standard. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent AO staining of thin blood 
      films and rapid evaluation of malaria parasitaemia with the revised protocol 
      produced superior results relative to the Giemsa method. This AO diagnostic 
      system can be set up easily at low cost using an ordinary light microscope. It 
      may supplement rapid diagnostic tests currently used in clinical settings in 
      malaria-endemic countries, and may be considered as an inexpensive tool for case 
      surveillance in malaria-eliminating countries.
FAU - Kimura, Masatsugu
AU  - Kimura M
AD  - Radioisotope Centre, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, 
      Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. mkimura@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
FAU - Teramoto, Isao
AU  - Teramoto I
AD  - Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 
      Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
FAU - Chan, Chim W
AU  - Chan CW
AD  - Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), 
      Karolinska Institutet, Nobels vag 16, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Idris, Zulkarnain Md
AU  - Idris ZM
AD  - Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), 
      Karolinska Institutet, Nobels vag 16, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
AD  - Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, 
      Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Kongere, James
AU  - Kongere J
AD  - Nagasaki University Nairobi Research Station, NUITM-KEMRI Project, Nairobi, 
      00202, Kenya.
FAU - Kagaya, Wataru
AU  - Kagaya W
AD  - Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 
      Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
FAU - Kawamoto, Fumihiko
AU  - Kawamoto F
AD  - Institute of Tropical Disease, Kampus C Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, 
      Indonesia.
FAU - Asada, Ryoko
AU  - Asada R
AD  - Department of Radiology, Osaka Butsuryo College, 3-33, Ohtori Kita-machi, 
      Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka Prefecture, 593-8328, Japan.
FAU - Isozumi, Rie
AU  - Isozumi R
AD  - Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 
      Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
FAU - Kaneko, Akira
AU  - Kaneko A
AD  - Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, 
      Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 
      Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
AD  - Island Malaria Group, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), 
      Karolinska Institutet, Nobels vag 16, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
AD  - Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan.
LA  - eng
GR  - 523-2009-3233/Swedish Research Council/
GR  - 348-2012-6346/Swedish Research Council/
GR  - 348-2013-6311/Swedish National Council/
GR  - 24390141/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/
GR  - 26257504/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180207
PL  - England
TA  - Malar J
JT  - Malaria journal
JID - 101139802
RN  - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes)
RN  - F30N4O6XVV (Acridine Orange)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acridine Orange/*chemistry
MH  - Diagnostic Tests, Routine/*instrumentation
MH  - Fluorescent Dyes/*chemistry
MH  - Kenya
MH  - *Light
MH  - Malaria/*diagnosis
MH  - Staining and Labeling/*methods
PMC - PMC5804042
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Acridine orange
OT  - Fluorochrome
OT  - Interference filter
OT  - LED
OT  - Malaria diagnosis
OT  - Staining
EDAT- 2018/02/09 06:00
MHDA- 2018/12/19 06:00
PMCR- 2018/02/07
CRDT- 2018/02/09 06:00
PHST- 2017/10/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/02/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/02/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/12/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12936-018-2214-8 [pii]
AID - 2214 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12936-018-2214-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Malar J. 2018 Feb 7;17(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12936-018-2214-8.