PMID- 29421753
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180530
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 198
DP  - 2018 May
TI  - Occurrence of illicit drugs in two wastewater treatment plants in the South of 
      Italy.
PG  - 377-385
LID - S0045-6535(18)30175-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.158 [doi]
AB  - In this study the occurrence and the behavior of illicit drugs and their 
      metabolites have been investigated for two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) 
      (namely, WWTP-1 and WWTP-2) located in Sicily (island of Italy). Samples were 
      analyzed for methamphetamine, cocaine (COC), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
      (MDMA), methadone (METH), 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine 
      (EDDP), 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine (MDA); 3,4-methylenedioxy ethylamphetamine 
      (MDEA), 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) and Benzoylecgonine 
      (BEG). The BEG, COC, MOR and THC-COOH were found at the highest concentration in 
      both WWTPs. The Wastewater-based epidemiology calculation for BEG, COC, 
      cannabinoids and THC-COOH was performed. On average, for both plants, population 
      consumes 1.6 and 23.4 dose 1000 inh(-1) day(-1) of cocaine and cannabis, 
      respectively. For WWTP-1 negative removals of illicit drugs were observed. For 
      WWTP-2 the following average removal efficiencies were obtained: BEG (77.85%), 
      COC (92.34%), CODEINE (64.75%), MOR (90.16%) and THC-COOH (68.64%).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Cosenza, Alida
AU  - Cosenza A
AD  - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali 
      (DICAM), Scuola Politecnica, Universita di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, 
      Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: alida.cosenza@unipa.it.
FAU - Maida, Carmelo Massimo
AU  - Maida CM
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, 
      Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita di Palermo, Via del Vespro 13, 90127, 
      Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Piscionieri, Donatella
AU  - Piscionieri D
AD  - Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Clinical Risk and Quality Control, A.O.U.P. "P. 
      Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Fanara, Serena
AU  - Fanara S
AD  - Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Clinical Risk and Quality Control, A.O.U.P. "P. 
      Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Di Gaudio, Francesca
AU  - Di Gaudio F
AD  - Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Clinical Risk and Quality Control, A.O.U.P. "P. 
      Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Viviani, Gaspare
AU  - Viviani G
AD  - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali 
      (DICAM), Scuola Politecnica, Universita di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, 
      Palermo, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180203
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Drug Combinations)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Pyrrolidines)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 022YON1XMX (ethylamphetamine)
RN  - 19GBJ60SN5 (Cannabidiol)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 5353I8I6YS (benzoylecgonine)
RN  - 7J8897W37S (Dronabinol)
RN  - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
RN  - K4H93P747O (nabiximols)
RN  - Z3LC48U94I (2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamine/analysis
MH  - Amphetamines/analysis
MH  - Cannabidiol/analysis
MH  - Cocaine/analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Dronabinol/analysis
MH  - Drug Combinations
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*analysis
MH  - Methamphetamine/analysis
MH  - Pyrrolidines/analysis
MH  - Sicily
MH  - Substance Abuse Detection
MH  - *Waste Disposal, Fluid
MH  - Wastewater/*chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Contaminants of emerging concern
OT  - Drug behavior
OT  - Illicit drugs
OT  - Water treatment
EDAT- 2018/02/09 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/31 06:00
CRDT- 2018/02/09 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/01/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/02/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/09 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(18)30175-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.158 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2018 May;198:377-385. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.158. Epub 
      2018 Feb 3.