PMID- 29423081
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220314
IS  - 1949-2553 (Electronic)
IS  - 1949-2553 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2018 Jan 9
TI  - PM2.5 inhalation induces intracranial atherosclerosis which may be ameliorated by 
      omega 3 fatty acids.
PG  - 3765-3778
LID - 10.18632/oncotarget.23347 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICA) a major health problem. This study 
      investigated whether inhalation of fine airborne particulate matters (PM2.5) 
      causes ICA and whether omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) attenuated the development of 
      ICA. RESULTS: Twelve but not 6 week exposure significantly increased 
      triglycerides (TG) in normal chow diet (NCD), while PM2.5 enhanced all lipid 
      profiles (TG, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol (CHO)) after both 6 
      and 12-week exposure with high-cholesterol diet (HCD). PM2.5 exposure for 12 but 
      not 6 weeks significantly induced middle cerebral artery (MCA) narrowing and 
      thickening, in association with the enhanced expression of inflammatory 
      cytokines, (interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte 
      chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)), vascular cell 
      adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). O3FA 
      significantly attenuated vascular alterations, even without favorable changes in 
      lipid profiles, in association with reduced expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, 
      IFN-gamma, VCAM-1 and iNOS in brain vessels. CONCLUSIONS: PM2.5 exposure for 12 weeks 
      aggravates ICA in a dietary model (HCD + short-term L-NAME), which may be 
      mediated by vascular inflammation. O3FA dietary supplementation prevents ICA 
      development and inflammatory reaction in cerebral vessels. METHODS: Adult 
      Sprague-Dawly rats were under filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 exposure with NCD or HCD 
      for 6 or 12 weeks. Half of the HCD rats were treated with O3FA (5 mg/kg/day) by 
      gavage. A total of 600 mg NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 3 mg/mL) per 
      rat was administered over two weeks as supplementation in the HCD group. Blood 
      lipids, including LDL, CHO, TG and high density lipoprotein (HDL), were measured 
      at 6 and 12 weeks. ICA was determined by lumen diameter and thickness of the MCA. 
      Inflammatory markers, IL-6, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IFN-gamma, VCAM-1 and iNOS were assessed by 
      real-time PCR for mRNA and Western blot for protein expression.
FAU - Guan, Longfei
AU  - Guan L
AD  - China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical 
      University, Tongzhou Qu, China.
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 
      Michigan, USA.
FAU - Geng, Xiaokun
AU  - Geng X
AD  - China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical 
      University, Tongzhou Qu, China.
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 
      Michigan, USA.
AD  - Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 
      Tongzhou Qu, China.
FAU - Shen, Jiamei
AU  - Shen J
AD  - China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical 
      University, Tongzhou Qu, China.
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 
      Michigan, USA.
FAU - Yip, James
AU  - Yip J
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 
      Michigan, USA.
FAU - Li, Fengwu
AU  - Li F
AD  - China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical 
      University, Tongzhou Qu, China.
FAU - Du, Huishan
AU  - Du H
AD  - China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical 
      University, Tongzhou Qu, China.
AD  - Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 
      Tongzhou Qu, China.
FAU - Ji, Zhili
AU  - Ji Z
AD  - Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 
      Tongzhou Qu, China.
FAU - Ding, Yuchuan
AU  - Ding Y
AD  - China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical 
      University, Tongzhou Qu, China.
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 
      Michigan, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20171216
PL  - United States
TA  - Oncotarget
JT  - Oncotarget
JID - 101532965
PMC - PMC5790498
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)
OT  - air pollution
OT  - brain
OT  - high-cholesterol diet (HCD)
OT  - inflammation
COIS- CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no conflicts of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2018/02/10 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/10 06:01
PMCR- 2018/01/09
CRDT- 2018/02/10 06:00
PHST- 2017/10/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/11/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/02/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/02/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/10 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/01/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 23347 [pii]
AID - 10.18632/oncotarget.23347 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Oncotarget. 2017 Dec 16;9(3):3765-3778. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.23347. 
      eCollection 2018 Jan 9.