PMID- 29432214
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190201
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1473-6543 (Electronic)
IS  - 1062-4821 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 3
DP  - 2018 May
TI  - The association of proton pump inhibitors and chronic kidney disease: cause or 
      confounding?
PG  - 182-187
LID - 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000406 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss whether the recently described relationship between 
      proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the risk of adverse kidney outcomes 
      represents a causal relationship or is merely the result of confounding. RECENT 
      FINDINGS: A wave of observational studies has described an association between 
      PPI use and the risk of development of chronic kidney disease and its progression 
      to end-stage renal disease. The results are generally robust and remarkably 
      consistent across different studies. The application of modern 
      pharmacoepidemiologic methods to estimate the effect of a putative unmeasured or 
      unknown confounder or set of confounders on the relationship of PPI use and risk 
      of adverse renal outcomes suggests that confounding is unlikely to explain away 
      the reported association. SUMMARY: The constellation of evidence from all 
      available studies suggests that PPI use is associated with increased risk of 
      adverse kidney outcomes. Exercising vigilance in the use of PPI is warranted.
FAU - Li, Tingting
AU  - Li T
AD  - Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Education Service, VA Saint Louis 
      Healthcare System.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine.
FAU - Xie, Yan
AU  - Xie Y
AD  - Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Education Service, VA Saint Louis 
      Healthcare System.
FAU - Al-Aly, Ziyad
AU  - Al-Aly Z
AD  - Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Education Service, VA Saint Louis 
      Healthcare System.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine.
AD  - Nephrology Section, Medicine Service, VA Saint Louis Healthcare System.
AD  - Institute for Public Health, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, 
      Missouri, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens
JT  - Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
JID - 9303753
RN  - 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
MH  - Disease Progression
MH  - Humans
MH  - Proton Pump Inhibitors/*adverse effects
MH  - Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*chemically induced/*epidemiology
MH  - Risk Factors
EDAT- 2018/02/13 06:00
MHDA- 2019/02/02 06:00
CRDT- 2018/02/13 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/02/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/13 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000406 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2018 May;27(3):182-187. doi: 
      10.1097/MNH.0000000000000406.