PMID- 29460084
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181211
LR  - 20181211
IS  - 1432-0703 (Electronic)
IS  - 0090-4341 (Linking)
VI  - 75
IP  - 4
DP  - 2018 Nov
TI  - Persistent Organic Pollutants Residues in Human Breast Milk from Bathinda and 
      Ludhiana Districts of Punjab, India.
PG  - 512-520
LID - 10.1007/s00244-018-0512-3 [doi]
AB  - In the present study, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including six 
      congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides, were 
      estimated in human breast milk samples collected from two districts of Punjab 
      (India). The mean concentrations of POP residues were recorded higher in Bathinda 
      district (PCBs: 33.7; DDTs: 519.2; HCHs: 46.6 ng g(-1) lipid wt.) than Ludhiana 
      (PCBs: 24.2; DDTs; 415.3; HCHs; 35.5 ng g(-1) lipid wt.). Levels of PCBs and DDTs 
      were observed higher in primiparas, whereas HCHs residues were seen more in 
      multiparas. Risk analysis to POPs exposure through breast milk reflected that the 
      daily intake for some infants was close to or above the tolerable daily intake 
      limit for detrimental effects, which may raise a health concern. Comparative 
      evaluation of present data indicated that DDT and HCHs residue levels in human 
      breast milk from Punjab, India were among the lowest values reported for 
      developing countries. The first-order kinetic reaction at a steady-state 
      condition used to estimate the half-life of DDT and HCH suggested that DDT levels 
      have declined from 18,211 to 490 ng g(-1) lipid wt. with a half-life (Tdec(1/2)) 
      of 3.25 years over a span of 15 years. Similarly, HCH levels have decreased from 
      8609 to 46.6 ng g(-1) in this duration with Tdec(1/2) of 2.25 years. Because some 
      infants are still at risk, continuous monitoring of POPs in human milk is needed 
      for surveillance and interpretation of time trends and for linkage to strict 
      enforcement of agricultural regulations.
FAU - Bawa, P
AU  - Bawa P
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal 
      Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
FAU - Bedi, J S
AU  - Bedi JS
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal 
      Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India. bedijasbir78@gmail.com.
FAU - Gill, J P S
AU  - Gill JPS
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal 
      Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
FAU - Aulakh, R S
AU  - Aulakh RS
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal 
      Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
FAU - Kumar, A
AU  - Kumar A
AD  - School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal 
      Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
FAU - Arora, Kamal
AU  - Arora K
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, 
      Punjab, 141001, India.
LA  - eng
GR  - UGC No. 42-635 (2013) SR Sr. no. 5/University Grants Commission/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180219
PL  - United States
TA  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol
JT  - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
JID - 0357245
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Agriculture
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Food Contamination/analysis
MH  - Half-Life
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*analysis
MH  - India
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - Pesticides/analysis/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
EDAT- 2018/02/21 06:00
MHDA- 2018/12/12 06:00
CRDT- 2018/02/21 06:00
PHST- 2017/09/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/02/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/12/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00244-018-0512-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00244-018-0512-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2018 Nov;75(4):512-520. doi: 
      10.1007/s00244-018-0512-3. Epub 2018 Feb 19.