PMID- 29463026
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180831
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 2
DP  - 2018 Feb 18
TI  - The Nile Rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) as a Superior Carbohydrate-Sensitive Model 
      for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
LID - 10.3390/nu10020235 [doi]
LID - 235
AB  - Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease involving complex 
      genetic and environmental interactions. No single animal model has so far 
      mirrored all the characteristics or complications of diabetes in humans. Since 
      this disease represents a chronic nutritional insult based on a diet bearing a 
      high glycemic load, the ideal model should recapitulate the underlying dietary 
      issues. Most rodent models have three shortcomings: (1) they are genetically or 
      chemically modified to produce diabetes; (2) unlike humans, most require high-fat 
      feeding; (3) and they take too long to develop diabetes. By contrast, Nile rats 
      develop diabetes rapidly (8-10 weeks) with high-carbohydrate (hiCHO) diets, 
      similar to humans, and are protected by high fat (with low glycemic load) intake. 
      This review describes diabetes progression in the Nile rat, including various 
      aspects of breeding, feeding, and handling for best experimental outcomes. The 
      diabetes is characterized by a striking genetic permissiveness influencing 
      hyperphagia and hyperinsulinemia; random blood glucose is the best index of 
      disease progression; and kidney failure with chronic morbidity and death are 
      outcomes, all of which mimic uncontrolled T2DM in humans. Non-alcoholic fatty 
      liver disease (NAFLD), also described in diabetic humans, results from hepatic 
      triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation associated with rising blood glucose. 
      Protection is afforded by low glycemic load diets rich in certain fibers or 
      polyphenols. Accordingly, the Nile rat provides a unique opportunity to identify 
      the nutritional factors and underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that 
      characterize human T2DM.
FAU - Subramaniam, Avinaash
AU  - Subramaniam A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1670-7054
AD  - Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. 
      avinaash1381@gmail.com.
FAU - Landstrom, Michelle
AU  - Landstrom M
AD  - Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. 
      mlandstrom@brandeis.edu.
FAU - Luu, Alice
AU  - Luu A
AD  - Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. 
      aluu@brandeis.edu.
FAU - Hayes, K C
AU  - Hayes KC
AD  - Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. 
      kchayes@brandeis.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20180218
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Feed
MH  - Animal Husbandry/methods
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Breeding
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*etiology/genetics
MH  - Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
MH  - *Dietary Carbohydrates
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Disease Progression
MH  - Insulin/blood
MH  - Mice
MH  - Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Renal Insufficiency/etiology
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC5852811
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Nile rat
OT  - animal models
OT  - glycemic load
OT  - metabolic syndrome
OT  - nutrition
OT  - type 2 diabetes
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/02/22 06:00
MHDA- 2018/09/01 06:00
PMCR- 2018/02/01
CRDT- 2018/02/22 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/02/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/02/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/02/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/02/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/09/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu10020235 [pii]
AID - nutrients-10-00235 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu10020235 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2018 Feb 18;10(2):235. doi: 10.3390/nu10020235.