PMID- 29464986
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180820
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1743-1328 (Electronic)
IS  - 0161-6412 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 4
DP  - 2018 Apr
TI  - Protective effects of thymoquinone on D-galactose and aluminum chloride induced 
      neurotoxicity in rats: biochemical, histological and behavioral changes.
PG  - 324-333
LID - 10.1080/01616412.2018.1441776 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Thymoquinone (TQ), the main active ingredient in Nigella sativa oil, 
      exhibits various bioactivities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TQ 
      on neurobehavioral and neuropathological alterations induced by aluminum 
      trichloride (AlCl(3)) and D-galactose (D-gal)-in male rats and to explore the 
      related mechanisms. METHODS: D-gal (60 mg/kg day) and AlCl(3) (10 mg/kg day) were 
      given intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily for 42 days and after 4 weeks TQ was 
      concomitantly administered intragastrically (i.g.) (20 mg/kg/day) once daily for 
      14 days. Then, memory function was evaluated by Morris water maze test (MWM). 
      Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 
      Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide 
      (NO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) 
      levels in whole brain were assessed with the biochemical technique. Tumor 
      necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Acetylcholine (ACh) were also assessed using an 
      immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: Administration of TQ significantly 
      improved cognition. In addition, TQ significantly increased SOD and TAC and 
      decreased AChE activities. It also decreased MDA and NO levels as well as TNF-alpha 
      immunoreactivity and increased BDNF and Bcl-2 levels as well as ACh 
      immunoreactivity. DISCUSSION: Our results indicate that TQ prevents 
      D-gal/AlCl(3)-induced cognitive decline by enhancing cholinergic function and 
      synaptic plasticity as well as attenuation of oxidative damage, neuronal 
      apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. These results indicate that TQ holds potential 
      for neuroprotection and may be a promising approach for the treatment of 
      neurodegenerative disorders.
FAU - Abulfadl, Yasmin S
AU  - Abulfadl YS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7014-848X
AD  - a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of 
      Pharmacology and Toxicology and Biochemistry , Future University , Cairo , Egypt.
FAU - El-Maraghy, Nabila N
AU  - El-Maraghy NN
AD  - a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of 
      Pharmacology and Toxicology and Biochemistry , Future University , Cairo , Egypt.
FAU - Ahmed, Amany Ali Eissa
AU  - Ahmed AAE
AD  - b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Helwan 
      University , Cairo , Egypt.
FAU - Nofal, Shahira
AU  - Nofal S
AD  - b Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Helwan 
      University , Cairo , Egypt.
FAU - Badary, Osama A
AU  - Badary OA
AD  - c Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , 
      Cairo , Egypt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180221
PL  - England
TA  - Neurol Res
JT  - Neurological research
JID - 7905298
RN  - 0 (Aluminum Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Benzoquinones)
RN  - 0 (Chlorides)
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
RN  - 3CYT62D3GA (Aluminum Chloride)
RN  - O60IE26NUF (thymoquinone)
RN  - X2RN3Q8DNE (Galactose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aluminum Chloride
MH  - Aluminum Compounds/*toxicity
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/chemically induced/*drug therapy
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/drug effects
MH  - Benzoquinones/*administration & dosage
MH  - Brain/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Chlorides/*toxicity
MH  - Cognitive Dysfunction/chemically induced/*drug therapy
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Galactose/*toxicity
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory/drug effects
MH  - Neuroprotective Agents/*administration & dosage
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aluminum chloride
OT  - Alzheimer's disease
OT  - D-galactose
OT  - acetylcholinesterase
OT  - oxidative stress
OT  - thymoquinone
EDAT- 2018/02/22 06:00
MHDA- 2018/08/21 06:00
CRDT- 2018/02/22 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/08/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/22 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/01616412.2018.1441776 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurol Res. 2018 Apr;40(4):324-333. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1441776. Epub 2018 
      Feb 21.