PMID- 29476413
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1869-6953 (Print)
IS  - 1869-6961 (Electronic)
IS  - 1869-6961 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 2
DP  - 2018 Apr
TI  - A Real-World Anti-Diabetes Medication Cost Comparison Between Premixed Insulin 
      Analogs and Long-Acting Insulin Analogs in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: 
      A Retrospective Database Analysis.
PG  - 673-682
LID - 10.1007/s13300-018-0382-8 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: To assess and compare per-day anti-diabetic medication costs for 
      Chinese type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) insulin-naive patients between those who 
      initiated premixed insulin analogs ("premixed group") and those who initiated 
      long-acting insulin analogs ("long-acting group"). METHODS: Data were obtained 
      from an electronic medical record database between 2010.01.01 and 2015.06.30 
      covering medical encounter records from all general hospitals in a district from 
      Shanghai, China. Insulin-naive T2DM patients who were aged >/= 18 years, treated 
      with an oral anti-diabetic drug (OAD) only during the baseline period (3 months 
      prior to insulin initiation), and initiated premixed or long-acting insulin 
      analogs were included. Patients were followed until index insulin discontinuation 
      or 12 months after initiation, whichever came first. The t test and generalized 
      linear models adjusting for propensity score (PS) (including baseline 
      demographics, number of OAD classes, comorbidities, costs, and healthcare 
      resource utilization) were used to examine the differences between the two 
      insulin groups. RESULTS: A total of 570 and 185 patients were identified for the 
      premixed and long-acting groups, with mean (SD) ages of 63.0 (12.8) and 61.1 
      (11.9) (P = 0.08) and male proportions of 47.4% and 51.4% (P = 0.35), 
      respectively. During the baseline period, 19.3% of the premixed users had 
      T2DM-related hospitalizations, while the rate was 12.4% in the long-acting group 
      (P = 0.03). The mean number of T2DM-related outpatient visits was 0.98 and 1.23 
      for the premixed and long-acting groups, respectively (P = 0.07). During the 
      follow-up period, the per-day insulin dose averaged 31.7 and 15.3 international 
      units (IU) for the premixed and long-acting groups, respectively. Compared with 
      the patients on premixed insulin, the mean per-day cost for patients on 
      long-acting insulin was 37.3% higher [15.3 vs 11.2 Chinese yuan (RMB); mean 
      difference (MD) (95% CI): 4.2 (3.2, 5.1)] for the overall anti-diabetes 
      medication, 81.3% higher [3.3 vs 1.8 RMB; MD (95% CI): 1.5 (0.8, 2.2)] for OAD, 
      and 28.6% higher [12.0 vs 9.3 RMB; MD (95% CI): 2.7 (2.1, 3.3)] for insulin. The 
      results were consistent after adjusting for the PS. CONCLUSION: Among Chinese 
      T2DM insulin-naive patients, those who initiated premixed insulin had a lower 
      per-day antidiabetic medication cost than those who initiated long-acting 
      insulin. FUNDING: Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, China.
FAU - Gao, Yue
AU  - Gao Y
AD  - Shanghai Centennial Scientific Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Wang, Ke
AU  - Wang K
AD  - Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China.
FAU - Chen, Yun
AU  - Chen Y
AD  - Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China.
FAU - Shen, Li
AU  - Shen L
AD  - Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China.
FAU - Hou, Jianing
AU  - Hou J
AD  - Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China.
FAU - Xuan, Jianwei
AU  - Xuan J
AD  - Health Economic Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Liu, Bao
AU  - Liu B
AD  - Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 
      Shanghai, China. liub@fudan.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180223
PL  - United States
TA  - Diabetes Ther
JT  - Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related 
      disorders
JID - 101539025
PMC - PMC6104274
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - China
OT  - Cost
OT  - Insulin analog
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
EDAT- 2018/02/25 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/25 06:01
PMCR- 2018/02/23
CRDT- 2018/02/25 06:00
PHST- 2017/12/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/02/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/25 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/02/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s13300-018-0382-8 [pii]
AID - 382 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s13300-018-0382-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Ther. 2018 Apr;9(2):673-682. doi: 10.1007/s13300-018-0382-8. Epub 2018 
      Feb 23.