PMID- 29477113
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180622
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 630
DP  - 2018 Jul 15
TI  - Traditional and novel halogenated flame retardants in urban ambient air: 
      Gas-particle partitioning, size distribution and health implications.
PG  - 154-163
LID - S0048-9697(18)30598-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.199 [doi]
AB  - Urban ambient air samples, including gas-phase (PUF), total suspended 
      particulates (TSP), PM(10), PM(2.5) and PM(1) airborne particle fractions were 
      collected to evaluate gas-particle partitioning and size particle distribution of 
      traditional and novel halogenated flame retardants. Simultaneously, passive air 
      samplers (PAS) were deployed in the same location. Analytes included 33 
      polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), 
      hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 
      1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 
      dechloranes (Dec 602, 603, 604, 605 or Dechorane plus (DP)) and chlordane plus 
      (CP). Clausius-Clapeyron equation, gas-particle partition coefficient (K(p)), 
      fraction partitioned onto particles (phi) and human respiratory risk assessment 
      were used to evaluate local or long-distance transport sources, gas-particle 
      partitioning sorption mechanisms, and implications for health, respectively. 
      PBDEs were the FR with the highest levels (13.9pgm(-3), median TSP+PUF), followed 
      by DP (1.56pgm(-3)), mirex (0.78pgm(-3)), PBEB (0.05pgm(-3)), and BB-153 
      (0.04pgm(-3)). PBDE congener pattern in particulate matter was dominated by 
      BDE-209, while the contribution of more volatile congeners, BDE-28, -47, -99, and 
      -100 was higher in gas-phase. Congener contribution increases with particle size 
      and bromination degree, being BDE-47 mostly bounded to particles</=PM(1), BDE-99 to 
      > PM(1) and BDE-209 to > PM(2.5). No significant differences were found for PBDE 
      and DP concentrations obtained with passive and active samplers, demonstrating 
      the ability of the formers to collect particulate material. Deposition 
      efficiencies and fluxes on inhaled PBDEs and DP in human respiratory tract were 
      calculated. Contribution in respiratory track was dominated by head airway (2.16 
      and 0.26pgh(-1), for PBDE and DP), followed by tracheobronchial (0.12 and 
      0.02pgh(-1)) and alveoli (0.01-0.002pgh(-1)) regions. Finally, hazard quotient 
      values on inhalation were proposed (6.3x10(-7) and 1.1x10(-8) for PBDEs and DP), 
      reflecting a low cancer risk through inhalation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - de la Torre, A
AU  - de la Torre A
AD  - Group of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Av. 
      Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: 
      adrian.delatorre@ciemat.es.
FAU - Barbas, B
AU  - Barbas B
AD  - Group of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Av. 
      Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Sanz, P
AU  - Sanz P
AD  - Group of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Av. 
      Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Navarro, I
AU  - Navarro I
AD  - Group of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Av. 
      Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Artinano, B
AU  - Artinano B
AD  - Group of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Av. 
      Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Martinez, M A
AU  - Martinez MA
AD  - Group of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Av. 
      Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180221
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Dust)
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Air Pollution/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Cities/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Dust/analysis
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Flame Retardants/*analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Risk Assessment/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Urban Population
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DP
OT  - Flame retardants
OT  - Gas-particle partitioning
OT  - PBDE
OT  - Risk assessment
OT  - Size distribution
EDAT- 2018/02/25 06:00
MHDA- 2018/06/23 06:00
CRDT- 2018/02/25 06:00
PHST- 2017/10/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/02/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/02/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/02/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/06/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/25 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(18)30598-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.199 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jul 15;630:154-163. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.199. 
      Epub 2018 Feb 21.