PMID- 29483938
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1749-8546 (Print)
IS  - 1749-8546 (Electronic)
IS  - 1749-8546 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2018
TI  - Ginsenoside G-Rh2 synergizes with SMI-4a in anti-melanoma activity through 
      autophagic cell death.
PG  - 11
LID - 10.1186/s13020-018-0168-y [doi]
LID - 11
AB  - BACKGROUND: Melanoma is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and SMI-4a and 
      G-Rh2 exert anti-tumor activity in multiple cancer. However, SMI-4a as well as a 
      synergistic relationship between SMI-4a and G-Rh2 in anti-melanoma capacity are 
      still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of SMI-4a and combined 
      SMI-4a with G-Rh2 on the viability, apoptosis and autophagy of melanoma, and to 
      preliminarily explore the underlying mechanism of SMI-4a and combined SMI-4a with 
      G-Rh2 in inhibiting tumor growth. METHODS: Cell viability was examined with cell 
      counting Kit 8 assay and colony formation assay; Apoptosis was evaluated by flow 
      cytometry and Caspase 3/7 activity assay; Western blotting was used to test 
      proteins related to autophagy and the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) 
      signaling pathway; Tumor xenograft model in BALB/c nude mice was performed to 
      evaluate the effects of SMI-4a and combined SMI-4a with G-Rh2 in anti-melanoma in 
      vivo. RESULTS: SMI-4a, a pharmacological inhibitor of PIM-1, could decrease cell 
      viability, induce apoptosis, and promote Caspase 3/7 activity in both A375 and 
      G361 melanoma cells, and SMI-4a inhibited tumor growth by inducing autophagy via 
      down-regulating AKT/mTOR axis in melanoma cells. Furthermore, G-Rh2 amplified the 
      anti-tumor activity of SMI-4a in melanoma cells via strengthening autophagy. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that SMI-4a could enhance autophagy-inducing 
      apoptosis by inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in melanoma cells, and G-Rh2 
      could enhance the effects of SMI-4a against melanoma cancer via amplifying 
      autophagy induction. This study demonstrates that combined SMI-4a and G-Rh2 might 
      be a novel alternative strategy for melanoma treatment.
FAU - Lv, Da-Lun
AU  - Lv DL
AD  - 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan 
      Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China. GRID: grid.452929.1
FAU - Chen, Lei
AU  - Chen L
AD  - 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan 
      Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China. GRID: grid.452929.1
FAU - Ding, Wei
AU  - Ding W
AD  - 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan 
      Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China. GRID: grid.452929.1
FAU - Zhang, Wei
AU  - Zhang W
AD  - 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan 
      Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China. GRID: grid.452929.1
FAU - Wang, He-Li
AU  - Wang HL
AD  - 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan 
      Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China. GRID: grid.452929.1
FAU - Wang, Shuai
AU  - Wang S
AD  - 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan 
      Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China. GRID: grid.452929.1
FAU - Liu, Wen-Bei
AU  - Liu WB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1437-3102
AD  - 2Dermatological Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 
      Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000 Anhui China. GRID: grid.452929.1
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180221
PL  - England
TA  - Chin Med
JT  - Chinese medicine
JID - 101265109
PMC - PMC5820787
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Autophagy
OT  - G-Rh2
OT  - Melanoma
OT  - SMI-4a
EDAT- 2018/02/28 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/28 06:01
PMCR- 2018/02/21
CRDT- 2018/02/28 06:00
PHST- 2018/01/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/02/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/02/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 168 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s13020-018-0168-y [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Chin Med. 2018 Feb 21;13:11. doi: 10.1186/s13020-018-0168-y. eCollection 2018.