PMID- 29499735
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190130
LR  - 20190130
IS  - 1756-3305 (Electronic)
IS  - 1756-3305 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Mar 2
TI  - Bacterial microbiota of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae is altered by intoxication 
      with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis.
PG  - 121
LID - 10.1186/s13071-018-2741-8 [doi]
LID - 121
AB  - BACKGROUND: Insect microbiota is a dynamic microbial community that can actively 
      participate in defense against pathogens. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a 
      natural entomopathogen widely used as a bioinsecticide for pest control. Although 
      Bt's mode of action has been extensively studied, whether the presence of 
      microbiota is mandatory for Bt to effectively kill the insect is still under 
      debate. An association between a higher tolerance and a modified microbiota was 
      already evidenced but a critical point remained to be solved: is the modified 
      microbiota a cause or a consequence of a higher tolerance to Bt? METHODS: In this 
      study we focused on the mosquito species Aedes aegypti, as no work has been 
      performed on Diptera on this topic to date, and on B. thuringiensis israelensis 
      (Bti), which is used worldwide for mosquito control. To avoid using antibiotics 
      to cure bacterial microbiota, mosquito larvae were exposed to an hourly 
      increasing dose of Bti during 25 hours to separate the most susceptible larvae 
      dying quickly from more tolerant individuals, with longer survival. RESULTS: 
      Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting revealed that 
      mosquito larval bacterial microbiota was strongly affected by Bti infection after 
      only a few hours of exposure. Bacterial microbiota from the most tolerant larvae 
      showed the lowest diversity but the highest inter-individual differences. The 
      proportion of Bti in the host tissue was reduced in the most tolerant larvae as 
      compared to the most susceptible ones, suggesting an active control of Bti 
      infection by the host. CONCLUSIONS: Here we show that a modified microbiota is 
      associated with a higher tolerance of mosquitoes to Bti, but that it is rather a 
      consequence of Bti infection than the cause of the higher tolerance. This study 
      paves the way to future investigations aiming at unraveling the role of host 
      immunity, inter-species bacterial competition and kinetics of host colonization 
      by Bti that could be at the basis of the phenotype observed in this study.
FAU - Tetreau, Guillaume
AU  - Tetreau G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3360-4786
AD  - Universite Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553, F-38000, 
      Grenoble, France. guillaume.tetreau@gmail.com.
AD  - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA 
      UMR5553, F-38000, Grenoble, France. guillaume.tetreau@gmail.com.
FAU - Grizard, Stephanie
AU  - Grizard S
AD  - Universite de Lyon, Lyon, France.
AD  - Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - INRA, UMR1418, Villeurbanne, France.
FAU - Patil, Chandrashekhar D
AU  - Patil CD
AD  - School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Post Box 80, Jalgaon, 
      Maharashtra, 425001, India.
FAU - Tran, Florence-Helene
AU  - Tran FH
AD  - Universite de Lyon, Lyon, France.
AD  - Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - INRA, UMR1418, Villeurbanne, France.
FAU - Tran Van, Van
AU  - Tran Van V
AD  - Universite de Lyon, Lyon, France.
AD  - Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - INRA, UMR1418, Villeurbanne, France.
FAU - Stalinski, Renaud
AU  - Stalinski R
AD  - Universite Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553, F-38000, 
      Grenoble, France.
AD  - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA 
      UMR5553, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
FAU - Laporte, Frederic
AU  - Laporte F
AD  - Universite Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553, F-38000, 
      Grenoble, France.
AD  - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA 
      UMR5553, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
FAU - Mavingui, Patrick
AU  - Mavingui P
AD  - Universite de Lyon, Lyon, France.
AD  - Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - INRA, UMR1418, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - Universite de La Reunion, CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Unite Mixte Processus 
      Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 
      Sainte-Clotilde, La Reunion, France.
FAU - Despres, Laurence
AU  - Despres L
AD  - Universite Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553, F-38000, 
      Grenoble, France.
AD  - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA 
      UMR5553, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
FAU - Valiente Moro, Claire
AU  - Valiente Moro C
AD  - Universite de Lyon, Lyon, France.
AD  - Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France.
AD  - INRA, UMR1418, Villeurbanne, France.
LA  - eng
GR  - ANR-13-EBID-0007-01/Agence Nationale de la Recherche/International
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180302
PL  - England
TA  - Parasit Vectors
JT  - Parasites & vectors
JID - 101462774
SB  - IM
MH  - Aedes/*microbiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacillus thuringiensis/*physiology
MH  - DNA Fingerprinting
MH  - Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
MH  - Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
MH  - Larva/*microbiology
MH  - Microbiota/*genetics
MH  - Mosquito Control/methods
MH  - Pest Control, Biological/methods
PMC - PMC5834902
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bacillus thuringiensis
OT  - Bacterial community fingerprinting
OT  - Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)
OT  - Diptera
OT  - Holobiont
OT  - Larval microbiota
COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: Blood-feeding of adult mosquitoes was 
      performed on mice. Mice were maintained in the animal house of the federative 
      structure Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy) of Grenoble-Alpes University 
      agreed by the French Ministry of animal welfare (agreement n degrees  B 38 421 10 001) 
      and used in accordance to European Union laws (directive 2010/63/UE). The use of 
      animals for this study was approved by the ethic committee ComEth 
      Grenoble-C2EA-12 mandated by the French Ministry of higher Education and Research 
      (MENESR). CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The 
      authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer 
      Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and 
      institutional affiliations.
EDAT- 2018/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2019/01/31 06:00
PMCR- 2018/03/02
CRDT- 2018/03/04 06:00
PHST- 2017/06/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/02/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/03/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/01/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/03/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s13071-018-2741-8 [pii]
AID - 2741 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s13071-018-2741-8 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Parasit Vectors. 2018 Mar 2;11(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2741-8.