PMID- 29500539
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181024
LR  - 20181114
IS  - 1573-2983 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-4042 (Print)
IS  - 0269-4042 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 4
DP  - 2018 Aug
TI  - Palaeotoxicity: reconstructing the risk of multiple sedimentary pollutants to 
      freshwater organisms.
PG  - 1667-1682
LID - 10.1007/s10653-018-0080-5 [doi]
AB  - 'Real-world' contaminant exposure of sediment-dwelling biota is typically 
      long-term, low-level and to multiple pollutants. However, sediment quality 
      guidelines, designed to protect these organisms, relate only to single 
      contaminants. This study uses radiometrically dated sediment cores from 7 English 
      lakes with varying contamination histories to reconstruct temporal changes in 
      likely risk to biota (herein termed 'palaeotoxicity'). The Probable Effects 
      Concentration Quotient (PEC-Q) approach was used to combine sediment 
      concentrations from multiple contaminants (trace metals; PCBs; PBDEs) to 
      determine risk allocated to metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 
      separately as well as combined (PEC-Q Mean-All). Urban-influenced lakes were 
      considerably more contaminated, exceeding PEC-Q thresholds of 0.5 and 2.0 over 
      long durations (some since the nineteenth century). This has been mainly due to 
      metals (principally lead) and by factors of up to 10 for individual metals and 
      by > 2 for PEC-Q Mean-Metals. In 6 out of 7 lakes, considerable reductions in 
      risk associated with trace metals are observed since emissions reductions in the 
      1970s. However, at all lakes, PEC-Q Mean-POPs has increased sharply since the 
      1950s and at 5 out of 7 lakes now exceeds PEC-Q Mean-Metals. These organic 
      pollutants are therefore now the dominant driver behind elevated contaminant risk 
      to sediment-dwelling biota and recent temporal trends in PEC-Q Mean-All remain 
      above threshold values as a result. Finally, PEC-Q Mean-All values were compared 
      to standard biological toxicity tests for surface sediments at each site. While 
      chironomid growth and daphniid reproduction were significantly reduced compared 
      to controls at 5 out of 7, and all lakes, respectively, the scale of these 
      reductions showed only limited quantitative agreement with predicted risk.
FAU - Rose, Neil L
AU  - Rose NL
AD  - Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College 
      London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. n.rose@ucl.ac.uk.
FAU - Turner, Simon D
AU  - Turner SD
AD  - Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College 
      London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
FAU - Yang, Handong
AU  - Yang H
AD  - Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College 
      London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
FAU - Yang, Congqiao
AU  - Yang C
AD  - Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B1, 
      Canada.
AD  - School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 
      Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
FAU - Hall, Charlotte
AU  - Hall C
AD  - Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College 
      London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
FAU - Harrad, Stuart
AU  - Harrad S
AD  - School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 
      Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180302
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Geochem Health
JT  - Environmental geochemistry and health
JID - 8903118
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - *Fresh Water
MH  - Geologic Sediments/*chemistry
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
PMC - PMC6061110
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Lake sediments
OT  - Palaeotoxicity
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Risk
OT  - Sediment-dwelling biota
OT  - Trace metals
EDAT- 2018/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2018/10/26 06:00
PMCR- 2018/03/02
CRDT- 2018/03/04 06:00
PHST- 2017/09/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/02/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/10/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/03/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/03/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s10653-018-0080-5 [pii]
AID - 80 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10653-018-0080-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Geochem Health. 2018 Aug;40(4):1667-1682. doi: 10.1007/s10653-018-0080-5. 
      Epub 2018 Mar 2.