PMID- 29525320 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181120 LR - 20181120 IS - 1525-3198 (Electronic) IS - 0022-0302 (Linking) VI - 101 IP - 6 DP - 2018 Jun TI - Effect of increasing amounts of olive crude phenolic concentrate in the diet of dairy ewes on rumen liquor and milk fatty acid composition. PG - 4992-5005 LID - S0022-0302(18)30212-1 [pii] LID - 10.3168/jds.2017-13757 [doi] AB - Agro-industrial by-products contain several secondary plant metabolites, such as polyphenols, tannins, saponins, and essential oils. The effects of these compounds on animal metabolism may vary significantly according to the dose, the chemical nature of the molecules, and the overall composition of the diet. In the Mediterranean area, the olive oil extraction is associated with 2 by-products: olive pomace and wastewater, both rich in polyphenols. In particular, wastewater may be further processed to obtain olive crude phenolic concentrate (OCPC). An experiment was carried out aiming to evaluate animal performance, milk fatty acid (FA) profile, diversity of rumen microbial population, and rumen liquor FA profile in dairy ewes fed diets containing extruded linseed (EL) and increasing doses of OCPC. Twenty-eight Comisana ewes in mid lactation were allotted to 4 experimental groups. The experiment lasted 5 wk after 3 wk of adaptation. Diets were characterized by lucerne hay administrated ad libitum and by 800 g/ewe and day of 4 experimental concentrates containing 22% of EL on dry matter and increasing dose of OCPC: 0 (L0), 0.6 (L0.6), 0.8 (L0.8), and 1.2 (L1.2) g of OCPC/kg of dry matter. Milk yield was daily recorded and milk composition was analyzed weekly. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, samples of rumen liquor were collected to analyze FA profile, changes in rumen microbial population, and dimethylacetal (DMA) composition. The inclusion of OCPC did not affect milk yield and gross composition, whereas milk from L0.8 and L1.2 sheep contained higher concentrations of linoleic (+18%) and alpha-linolenic acid (+24%) and lower concentration of the rumen biohydrogenation intermediates. A similar pattern was observed for rumen liquor FA composition. No differences were found in the diversity of the rumen microbial population. Total amount of DMA did not differ among treatments, whereas significant differences were found in the concentration of individual DMA; in the diet with a higher amount of OCPC, DMA 13:0, 14:0, 15:0, and 18:0 increased, whereas DMA 16:0 decreased. Probably the presence of polyphenols in the diet induced a rearrangement of bacteria membrane phospholipids as a response to the rumen environment stimulus. Overall, the use of OCPC allowed a significant increase in the polyunsaturated FA content of milk, probably due to a perturbation of the rumen biohydrogenation process. Further studies are needed to understand the correlation between diet composition and the pattern of DMA in rumen liquor. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Cappucci, Alice AU - Cappucci A AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: alice.cappucci@for.unipi.it. FAU - Alves, Susana P AU - Alves SP AD - CIISA, Centro de Investigacao Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Tecnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal. FAU - Bessa, Rui J B AU - Bessa RJB AD - CIISA, Centro de Investigacao Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Tecnica 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal. FAU - Buccioni, Arianna AU - Buccioni A AD - Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy. FAU - Mannelli, Federica AU - Mannelli F AD - Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy. FAU - Pauselli, Mariano AU - Pauselli M AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy. FAU - Viti, Carlo AU - Viti C AD - Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy. FAU - Pastorelli, Roberta AU - Pastorelli R AD - Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, via di Lanciola 12/A, 50125 Firenze, Italy. FAU - Roscini, Valentina AU - Roscini V AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy. FAU - Serra, Andrea AU - Serra A AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. FAU - Conte, Giuseppe AU - Conte G AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. FAU - Mele, Marcello AU - Mele M AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180307 PL - United States TA - J Dairy Sci JT - Journal of dairy science JID - 2985126R RN - 0 (Fatty Acids) RN - 0RBV727H71 (alpha-Linolenic Acid) RN - 339NCG44TV (Phenol) RN - 8001-26-1 (Linseed Oil) SB - IM MH - Animal Feed/*analysis MH - Animals MH - Diet/veterinary MH - Dietary Supplements/analysis MH - Fatty Acids/*chemistry/metabolism MH - Female MH - Flax/metabolism MH - Lactation MH - Linseed Oil/pharmacology MH - Milk/*chemistry/metabolism MH - Olea/*metabolism MH - Phenol/*metabolism MH - Rumen/*metabolism MH - Sheep/*metabolism MH - alpha-Linolenic Acid/analysis OTO - NOTNLM OT - biohydrogenation OT - dimethylacetal OT - milk fatty acid OT - olive polyphenol EDAT- 2018/03/12 06:00 MHDA- 2018/11/21 06:00 CRDT- 2018/03/12 06:00 PHST- 2017/08/29 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/01/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/03/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/11/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/03/12 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0022-0302(18)30212-1 [pii] AID - 10.3168/jds.2017-13757 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Dairy Sci. 2018 Jun;101(6):4992-5005. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13757. Epub 2018 Mar 7.