PMID- 29528043
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 2548-0839 (Electronic)
IS  - 2548-0839 (Linking)
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017
TI  - Methylene Blue and Hydrogen Peroxide for Photodynamic Inactivation in Root Canal 
      - A New Protocol for Use in Endodontics.
LID - 29 [pii]
LID - 10.5152/eej.2017.17023 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a controversial approach 
      for endodontic disinfection. The objective of this study was to test the 
      photosensitiser (PS) concentration and assess the optical shielding phenomenon, 
      the use of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and minimal energy irradiation to 
      optimise endodontic aPDT for suggesting a protocol for clinical use. METHODS: 
      Different parameters for aPDT were tested. Aqueous solutions of methylene blue 
      (MB) at 50, 100, 150 and 300 muM were tested in vitro for optical shield and 
      reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the reduction of 
      N,N-dimethyl-4-notrosoaniline (RNO) at 440 nm absorbance when irradiated using a 
      diode laser (660 nm). Ten single-rooted teeth were inoculated with bioluminescent 
      bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 72 hours to form biofilms. Bioluminescence 
      imaging was used to serially evaluate the minimum energy necessary during 
      endodontic aPDT using MB and a diode laser coupled to an optical fibre for 
      intracanal microbial reduction. In addition, teeth (n=21) infected with 
      Enterococcus faecalis were treated with sequential combinations of endodontic 
      aPDT and H(2)O(2) and the colony-forming unit (CFU) was determined. RESULTS: ROS 
      production was inversely proportional to the MB concentration in the solution due 
      to quenching of MB. Optical shielding limited light penetration at high MB 
      concentrations. The use of H(2)O(2) before aPDT achieved higher disinfection 
      compared to conventional aPDT or when MB was irradiated in an H(2)O(2) solution. 
      Energy irradiation of 9.6 J achieved a significant reduction and further light 
      delivery did not produce further reduction. CONCLUSION: PS concentration of about 
      50 muM, biofilm pre-treatment with H(2)O(2) for 1 min and energy irradiation 
      around 10 J appear to be an effective protocol for endodontic aPDT.
FAU - Garcez, Aguinaldo S
AU  - Garcez AS
AD  - Department of Oral Microbiology (A.S.G.), Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and 
      Dental School, Campinas SP, Brazil; Department of Phototherapy (M.R.H.), Wellman 
      Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA; 
      Department of Dermatology (M.R.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; 
      Department of Health Science and Technology (M.R.H.) Harvard-MIT, Cambridge, MA, 
      USA.
FAU - Hamblin, Michael R
AU  - Hamblin MR
AD  - Department of Oral Microbiology (A.S.G.), Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and 
      Dental School, Campinas SP, Brazil; Department of Phototherapy (M.R.H.), Wellman 
      Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA; 
      Department of Dermatology (M.R.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; 
      Department of Health Science and Technology (M.R.H.) Harvard-MIT, Cambridge, MA, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI050875/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 AI121700/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Turkey
TA  - Eur Endod J
JT  - European endodontic journal
JID - 101717480
PMC - PMC5844508
MID - NIHMS922365
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
OT  - disinfection
OT  - hydrogen peroxide
OT  - lasers
OT  - methylene blue
COIS- Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
EDAT- 2017/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2017/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 2018/03/09
CRDT- 2018/03/13 06:00
PHST- 2018/03/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/03/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 29 [pii]
AID - 10.5152/eej.2017.17023 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Endod J. 2017;2(1):29. doi: 10.5152/eej.2017.17023.