PMID- 29533974
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240314
IS  - 2076-3425 (Print)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 3
DP  - 2018 Mar 13
TI  - Mood Fluctuation and Psychobiological Instability: The Same Core Functions Are 
      Disrupted by Novel Psychoactive Substances and Established Recreational Drugs.
LID - 10.3390/brainsci8030043 [doi]
LID - 43
AB  - Many novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have entered the recreational drug scene 
      in recent years, yet the problems they cause are similar to those found with 
      established drugs. This article will debate the psychobiological effects of these 
      newer and more traditional substances. It will show how they disrupt the same 
      core psychobiological functions, so damaging well-being in similar ways. Every 
      psychoactive drug causes mood states to fluctuate. Users feel better on-drug, 
      then feel worse off-drug. The strength of these mood fluctuations is closely 
      related to their addiction potential. Cyclical changes can occur with many other 
      core psychobiological functions, such as information processing and psychomotor 
      speed. Hence the list of drug-related impairments can include: homeostatic 
      imbalance, HPA axis disruption, increased stress, altered sleep patterns, 
      neurohormonal changes, modified brain rhythms, neurocognitive impairments, and 
      greater psychiatric vulnerability. Similar patterns of deficit are found with 
      older drugs such as cocaine, nicotine and cannabis, and newer substances such as 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), mephedrone and spice. All psychoactive 
      drugs damage human well-being through similar basic neuropsychobiological 
      mechanisms.
FAU - Parrott, Andrew C
AU  - Parrott AC
AD  - Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, South Wales, UK. 
      a.c.parrott@swansea.ac.uk.
AD  - Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, 
      Australia. a.c.parrott@swansea.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20180313
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Brain Sci
JT  - Brain sciences
JID - 101598646
PMC - PMC5870361
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - amphetamine
OT  - cannabis
OT  - cocaine
OT  - drug
OT  - homeostasis
OT  - mephedrone
OT  - mood
OT  - spice
COIS- The author declares no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2018/03/14 06:00
MHDA- 2018/03/14 06:01
PMCR- 2018/03/01
CRDT- 2018/03/14 06:00
PHST- 2018/01/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/02/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/03/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/03/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/03/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/03/14 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - brainsci8030043 [pii]
AID - brainsci-08-00043 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/brainsci8030043 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Brain Sci. 2018 Mar 13;8(3):43. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8030043.