PMID- 29534507
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180906
LR  - 20181114
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 3
DP  - 2018 Mar 12
TI  - Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Fails to Improve Four-Kilometer Cycling Time Trial 
      Performance.
LID - 10.3390/nu10030342 [doi]
LID - 342
AB  - We investigated if a carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse may attenuate global fatigue 
      and improve 4-km cycling time trial (TT(4km)) performance. After a preliminary 
      session, cyclists (n = 9) performed a TT(4km) after a CHO or placebo (PLA) mouth 
      rinse. Mean power output, time, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were 
      recorded throughout the TT(4km). Twitch interpolation responses (%VA; voluntary 
      activation and ∆Tw; delta peak twitch torque) were compared pre and post TT(4km) 
      with traditional statistics and effect size (ES) analysis. Time-to-complete the 4 
      km and mean power output were comparable between CHO (386.4 +/- 28.0 s) and PLA 
      (385.4 +/- 22.4 s). A lower central (p = 0.054) and peripheral (p = 0.02) fatigue 
      in CHO than in PLA were suggested by an extremely-large ES in %VA (manipulation 
      main effect: p = 0.052, d = 1.18; manipulation-by-time interaction effect: p = 
      0.08, d = 1.00) and an extremely, very-large ES in ∆Tw (manipulation main effect: 
      p = 0.07, d = 0.97; time-by-manipulation interaction effect: p = 0.09, d = 0.89). 
      The RPE increased slower in CHO than in PLA (p = 0.051; d = 0.7). The apparent 
      reduction in global fatigue (central and peripheral) and RPE(SLOPE) with only one 
      CHO mouth rinse were not translated into improved TT(4km) performance. Further 
      tests may be required to verify if these likely differences in global fatigue 
      might represent an edge in the short-lasting cycling time trial performance.
FAU - Pires, Flavio O
AU  - Pires FO
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, 
      University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 03828-000, Brazil. piresfo@usp.br.
AD  - Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of Sao 
      Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil. piresfo@usp.br.
FAU - Brietzke, Cayque
AU  - Brietzke C
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, 
      University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 03828-000, Brazil. cayquebbarreto@usp.br.
FAU - Pinheiro, Fabiano A
AU  - Pinheiro FA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2894-2046
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, 
      University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 03828-000, Brazil. fapcor@hotmail.com.
AD  - School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 
      05508-030, Brazil. fapcor@hotmail.com.
FAU - Veras, Katherine
AU  - Veras K
AD  - Integrated Group of Biotechnology, Lab Adipose Tissue Biology, University of Mogi 
      das Cruzes, Sao Paulo 05305-000, Brazil. katherine.veras@gmail.com.
FAU - de Mattos, Eugenia C T
AU  - de Mattos ECT
AD  - Physical Education Department, Federal University of Parana, Parana 80060-000, 
      Brazil. eugeniamattos@hotmail.com.
FAU - Rodacki, Andre L F
AU  - Rodacki ALF
AD  - Physical Education Department, Federal University of Parana, Parana 80060-000, 
      Brazil. rodacki@ufpr.br.
FAU - Ugrinowitsch, Carlos
AU  - Ugrinowitsch C
AD  - School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 
      05508-030, Brazil. ugrinowitsch@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20180312
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Mouthwashes)
RN  - 0 (Performance-Enhancing Substances)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Mucosal
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Athletic Performance
MH  - *Bicycling
MH  - Brazil
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage/metabolism/therapeutic use
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Fatigue/etiology/metabolism/*prevention & control
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mouthwashes/*administration & dosage/metabolism/therapeutic use
MH  - Muscle Fatigue
MH  - Oral Mucosal Absorption
MH  - Oxygen Consumption
MH  - Performance-Enhancing Substances/*administration & dosage/metabolism/therapeutic 
      use
MH  - Physical Exertion
MH  - Recreation
MH  - Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC5872760
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - central fatigue
OT  - peripheral fatigue
OT  - supplementation
OT  - twitch interpolation
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/03/15 06:00
MHDA- 2018/09/07 06:00
PMCR- 2018/03/01
CRDT- 2018/03/15 06:00
PHST- 2018/01/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/02/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/02/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/03/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/03/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/09/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu10030342 [pii]
AID - nutrients-10-00342 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu10030342 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2018 Mar 12;10(3):342. doi: 10.3390/nu10030342.