PMID- 29541514
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2156-7085 (Print)
IS  - 2156-7085 (Electronic)
IS  - 2156-7085 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2018 Mar 1
TI  - Ultrahigh-speed line-scan SD-OCT for four-dimensional in vivo imaging of small 
      animal models.
PG  - 1216-1228
LID - 10.1364/BOE.9.001216 [doi]
AB  - We report an ultrahigh-speed and high-resolution line-scan spectral-domain 
      optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system that integrates a number of 
      mechanisms for improving image quality. The illumination uniformity is 
      significantly improved by the use of a Powell lens; Phase stepping and 
      differential reconstruction are combined to suppress autocorrelation artifacts; 
      Nonlocal means (NLM) is employed to enhance the signal to noise ratio while 
      minimizing motion artifacts. The system is capable of acquiring cross-sectional 
      images at more than 3,500 B-scans per second with sensitivities between 70dB and 
      90dB. The high B-scan rate enables image post-processing with nonlocal means, an 
      advanced noise reduction algorithm that affords enhanced morphological details 
      and reduced motion artifacts. The achieved axial and lateral resolutions are 2.0 
      and 6.2 microns, respectively. We have used this system to acquire 
      four-dimensional (three-dimensional space and one-dimensional time) imaging data 
      from live chicken embryos at up to 40 volumes per second. Dynamic cardiac tissue 
      deformation and blood flow could be clearly visualized at high temporal and 
      spatial resolutions, providing valuable information for understanding the 
      mechanical and fluid dynamic properties of the developing cardiac system.
FAU - Al-Qazwini, Zaineb
AU  - Al-Qazwini Z
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 
      Engineering Drive 3, 117583, Singapore.
FAU - Ko, Zhen Yu Gordon
AU  - Ko ZYG
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 
      Engineering Drive 3, 117583, Singapore.
FAU - Mehta, Kalpesh
AU  - Mehta K
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 
      Engineering Drive 3, 117583, Singapore.
FAU - Chen, Nanguang
AU  - Chen N
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 
      Engineering Drive 3, 117583, Singapore.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180216
PL  - United States
TA  - Biomed Opt Express
JT  - Biomedical optics express
JID - 101540630
PMC - PMC5846524
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - (110.0180) Microscopy
OT  - (110.4500) Optical coherence tomography
OT  - (120.4570) Optical design of instruments
OT  - (170.3880) Medical and biological imaging
COIS- The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this 
      article.
EDAT- 2018/03/16 06:00
MHDA- 2018/03/16 06:01
PMCR- 2018/02/16
CRDT- 2018/03/16 06:00
PHST- 2017/11/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/03/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/03/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/03/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 313891 [pii]
AID - 10.1364/BOE.9.001216 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomed Opt Express. 2018 Feb 16;9(3):1216-1228. doi: 10.1364/BOE.9.001216. 
      eCollection 2018 Mar 1.