PMID- 29545863
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 1792-0981 (Print)
IS  - 1792-1015 (Electronic)
IS  - 1792-0981 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2018 Apr
TI  - Triptolide induces autophagy and apoptosis through ERK activation in human breast 
      cancer MCF-7 cells.
PG  - 3413-3419
LID - 10.3892/etm.2018.5830 [doi]
AB  - To investigate the effects of triptolide (TPI) on proliferation, autophagy and 
      death in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and to elucidate the associated 
      molecular mechanisms, intracellular alterations were analyzed using 
      3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow 
      cytometry assays. The results of the MTT assay revealed that TPI significantly 
      reduced the MCF-7 cell survival rate when the concentration was >10 nmol/l. TPI 
      activated a caspase cascade reaction by regulating Bcl-2-associated X protein 
      (Bax), caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, and promoted programmed cell 
      death via the mitochondrial pathway. The results demonstrated that TPI 
      significantly reduced the cell proliferation rate and viability in a time- and 
      dose-dependent manner, which was confirmed by western blotting and 
      immunofluorescent staining. TPI induced autophagy and influenced p38 
      mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 
      (Erk)1/2, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, which 
      resulted in apoptosis. When cells were treated with a combination of TPI and the 
      Erk1/2 inhibitor U0126, the downregulation of P62 and upregulation of Bax were 
      inhibited, which demonstrated that the inhibition of Erk1/2 reversed the 
      autophagy changes induced by TPI. The results indicated that Erk1/2 activation 
      may be a novel mechanism by which TPI induces autophagy and apoptosis in MCF-7 
      breast cancer cells. In conclusion, TPI affects the proliferation and apoptosis 
      of MCF-7 cells, potentially via autophagy and p38/Erk/mTOR phosphorylation. The 
      present study offers a novel view of the mechanisms by which TPI regulates cell 
      death.
FAU - Gao, Huan
AU  - Gao H
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 
      130021, P.R. China.
AD  - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, 
      P.R. China.
FAU - Zhang, Yue
AU  - Zhang Y
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 
      130021, P.R. China.
FAU - Dong, Lei
AU  - Dong L
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 
      130021, P.R. China.
FAU - Qu, Xiao-Yu
AU  - Qu XY
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 
      130021, P.R. China.
FAU - Tao, Li-Na
AU  - Tao LN
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 
      130021, P.R. China.
FAU - Zhang, Yue-Ming
AU  - Zhang YM
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 
      130021, P.R. China.
FAU - Zhai, Jing-Hui
AU  - Zhai JH
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 
      130021, P.R. China.
FAU - Song, Yan-Qing
AU  - Song YQ
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 
      130021, P.R. China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180201
PL  - Greece
TA  - Exp Ther Med
JT  - Experimental and therapeutic medicine
JID - 101531947
PMC - PMC5841063
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - apoptosis
OT  - autophagy
OT  - breast cancer
OT  - extracellular signal-regulated kinase
OT  - mechanism
OT  - triptolide
EDAT- 2018/03/17 06:00
MHDA- 2018/03/17 06:01
PMCR- 2018/02/01
CRDT- 2018/03/17 06:00
PHST- 2017/09/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/03/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/03/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/03/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ETM-0-0-5830 [pii]
AID - 10.3892/etm.2018.5830 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Ther Med. 2018 Apr;15(4):3413-3419. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.5830. Epub 2018 Feb 
      1.