PMID- 29559928
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 1664-0640 (Print)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-0640 (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2018
TI  - Exercise Leads to Better Clinical Outcomes in Those Receiving Medication Plus 
      Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder.
PG  - 37
LID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00037 [doi]
LID - 37
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise as an 
      add-on therapy with antidepressant medication and cognitive behavioral group 
      therapy (CBGT) on treatment outcomes in low-active major depressive disorder 
      (MDD) patients. We also explored whether exercise reduces the residual symptoms 
      of depression, notably cognitive impairment and poor sleep quality, and aimed to 
      identify putative biochemical markers related to treatment response. METHODS: 
      Sixteen low-active MDD patients were recruited from a mental health day treatment 
      program at a local hospital. Eight medicated patients performed an 8-week 
      exercise intervention in addition to CBGT, and eight medicated patients attended 
      the CBGT only. Twenty-two low-active, healthy participants with no history of 
      mental health illness were also recruited to provide normal healthy values for 
      comparison. RESULTS: Results showed that exercise resulted in greater reduction 
      in depression symptoms (p = 0.007, d = 2.06), with 75% of the patients showing 
      either a therapeutic response or a complete remission of symptoms vs. 25% of 
      those who did not exercise. In addition, exercise was associated with greater 
      improvements in sleep quality (p = 0.046, d = 1.28) and cognitive function 
      (p = 0.046, d = 1.08). The exercise group also had a significant increase in 
      plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), p = 0.003, d = 6.46, that was 
      associated with improvements in depression scores (p = 0.002, R(2) = 0.50) and 
      sleep quality (p = 0.011, R(2) = 0.38). CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that 
      exercise as an add-on to conventional antidepressant therapies improved the 
      efficacy of standard treatment interventions. Our results suggest that plasma 
      BDNF levels and sleep quality appear to be good indicators of treatment response 
      and potential biomarkers associated with the clinical recovery of MDD.
FAU - Gourgouvelis, Joanne
AU  - Gourgouvelis J
AD  - University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
FAU - Yielder, Paul
AU  - Yielder P
AD  - University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
FAU - Clarke, Sandra T
AU  - Clarke ST
AD  - University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
FAU - Behbahani, Hushyar
AU  - Behbahani H
AD  - University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
FAU - Murphy, Bernadette Ann
AU  - Murphy BA
AD  - University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180306
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychiatry
JT  - Frontiers in psychiatry
JID - 101545006
PMC - PMC5845641
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - brain-derived neurotrophic factor
OT  - cognition
OT  - exercise
OT  - major depressive disorder
OT  - sleep quality
EDAT- 2018/03/22 06:00
MHDA- 2018/03/22 06:01
PMCR- 2018/03/06
CRDT- 2018/03/22 06:00
PHST- 2017/10/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/01/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/03/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/03/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/03/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/03/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00037 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychiatry. 2018 Mar 6;9:37. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00037. eCollection 
      2018.