PMID- 29573220
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190715
LR  - 20240318
IS  - 2190-6009 (Electronic)
IS  - 2190-5991 (Print)
IS  - 2190-5991 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2018 Jun
TI  - Depleted iron stores are associated with inspiratory muscle weakness 
      independently of skeletal muscle mass in men with systolic chronic heart failure.
PG  - 547-556
LID - 10.1002/jcsm.12282 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Skeletal and respiratory muscle dysfunction constitutes an important 
      pathophysiological feature of heart failure (HF). We assessed the relationships 
      between respiratory muscle function, skeletal muscle mass, and physical fitness 
      in men with HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF), and 
      investigated the hypothesis of whether iron deficiency (ID) contributes to 
      respiratory muscle dysfunction in these patients. METHODS: We examined 53 male 
      outpatients with stable HFrEF without asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary 
      disease (age: 64 +/- 10 years; New York Heart Association [NYHA] class I/II/III: 
      36/51/13%; ischaemic aetiology: 83%; all with left ventricular ejection fraction 
      </=40%) and 10 middle-aged healthy men (control group). We analysed respiratory 
      muscle function (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure at the mouth [MIP 
      and MEP, respectively]), appendicular lean mass/body mass index (ALM/BMI; ALM was 
      measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), physical fitness (components of 
      Functional Fitness Test for Older Adults), and iron status. RESULTS: MIP, MEP, 
      and ALM/BMI (but not MIP adjusted for ALM/BMI) were lower in men with HFrEF vs. 
      healthy men. MIP, MEP, and MIP adjusted for ALM/BMI (but not ALM/BMI) were lower 
      in men with HFrEF with vs. without ID. In a multivariable linear regression model 
      lower serum ferritin (but not transferrin saturation) was associated with lower 
      MIP independently of ALM/BMI, left ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal 
      pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and haemoglobin concentration. In 
      multivariable linear regression models, lower MIP was associated with worse 
      results in Functional Fitness Test when adjusted for ALM/BMI or relevant clinical 
      variables (NYHA class, estimated glomerular filtration rate, NT-proBNP, and 
      haemoglobin concentration). CONCLUSIONS: In men with HFrEF, low ferritin 
      reflecting depleted iron stores is associated with inspiratory muscle weakness 
      independently of skeletal muscle mass. Inspiratory muscle dysfunction correlates 
      with worse physical fitness independently of either skeletal muscle mass or 
      disease severity.
CI  - (c) 2018 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John 
      Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting 
      Disorders.
FAU - Tkaczyszyn, Michal
AU  - Tkaczyszyn M
AD  - Laboratory for Applied Research on Cardiovascular System, Department of Heart 
      Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
AD  - Cardiology Department, Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, 
      Poland.
FAU - Drozd, Marcin
AU  - Drozd M
AD  - Laboratory for Applied Research on Cardiovascular System, Department of Heart 
      Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
AD  - Cardiology Department, Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, 
      Poland.
FAU - Wegrzynowska-Teodorczyk, Kinga
AU  - Wegrzynowska-Teodorczyk K
AD  - Cardiology Department, Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, 
      Poland.
AD  - Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education of Wroclaw, 
      Wroclaw, Poland.
FAU - Flinta, Irena
AU  - Flinta I
AD  - Cardiology Department, Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, 
      Poland.
AD  - Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
FAU - Kobak, Kamil
AU  - Kobak K
AD  - Laboratory for Applied Research on Cardiovascular System, Department of Heart 
      Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
FAU - Banasiak, Waldemar
AU  - Banasiak W
AD  - Cardiology Department, Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, 
      Poland.
FAU - Ponikowski, Piotr
AU  - Ponikowski P
AD  - Cardiology Department, Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, 
      Poland.
AD  - Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
FAU - Jankowska, Ewa A
AU  - Jankowska EA
AD  - Laboratory for Applied Research on Cardiovascular System, Department of Heart 
      Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
AD  - Cardiology Department, Centre for Heart Diseases, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, 
      Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180323
PL  - Germany
TA  - J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
JT  - Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle
JID - 101552883
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Failure/diagnosis/etiology/*metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Iron/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Muscle Strength
MH  - Muscle Weakness/diagnosis/etiology/*metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Organ Size
MH  - Physical Fitness
MH  - Respiratory Muscles/*metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - Spirometry
MH  - Stroke Volume
MH  - Systole
MH  - Ventricular Function, Left
PMC - PMC5989741
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Heart failure
OT  - Iron deficiency
OT  - Physical fitness
OT  - Respiratory muscles
EDAT- 2018/03/25 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/16 06:00
PMCR- 2018/06/01
CRDT- 2018/03/25 06:00
PHST- 2016/12/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2017/08/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2017/12/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/03/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/03/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JCSM12282 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/jcsm.12282 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018 Jun;9(3):547-556. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12282. 
      Epub 2018 Mar 23.