PMID- 29601252
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190930
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1552-5732 (Electronic)
IS  - 0890-3344 (Print)
IS  - 0890-3344 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 2
DP  - 2018 May
TI  - Chemical Contaminants in Raw and Pasteurized Human Milk.
PG  - 340-349
LID - 10.1177/0890334418759308 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Environmental contaminants ranging from legacy chemicals like 
      p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to emerging chemicals like phthalates 
      are ubiquitous. Research aims/questions: This research aims to examine the 
      presence and co-occurrence of contaminants in human milk and effects of 
      pasteurization on human milk chemical contaminants. METHODS: We analyzed human 
      milk donated by 21 women to a milk bank for 23 chemicals, including the 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 
      polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 
      and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) isomers that are known to sequester in 
      adipose tissue, along with the current-use and nonpersistent pesticides 
      chlorpyrifos and permethrin, phthalates, and bisphenol A (BPA). Human milk was 
      analyzed raw and pasteurized for these chemicals using gas chromatography-tandem 
      mass spectrometry for the POPs and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem 
      mass spectrometry for non-POPs. RESULTS: Within the different chemical classes, 
      PBDE47, PCB153, ppDDE, and MEHHP (phthalate metabolite) had the highest median 
      concentrations and were observed in all samples. We also observed chlorpyrifos 
      and BPA in all samples and permethrin in 90% of the samples tested. Only two 
      chemicals, chlorpyrifos and permethrin, were susceptible to substantial 
      degradation from pasteurization, a standard method for processing donated human 
      milk. CONCLUSION: We detected 19 of 23 chemicals in all of our prepasteurized 
      milk and 18 of 23 chemicals in all of our pasteurized milk. Pasteurization did 
      not affect the presence of most of the chemicals. Future research should continue 
      to explore human milk for potential chemical contamination and as a means to 
      surveil exposures among women and children.
FAU - Hartle, Jennifer C
AU  - Hartle JC
AD  - 1 San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA.
FAU - Cohen, Ronald S
AU  - Cohen RS
AD  - 2 Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
AD  - 3 Mother's Milk Bank, San Jose, CA, USA.
FAU - Sakamoto, Pauline
AU  - Sakamoto P
AD  - 3 Mother's Milk Bank, San Jose, CA, USA.
FAU - Barr, Dana Boyd
AU  - Barr DB
AD  - 4 Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
FAU - Carmichael, Suzan L
AU  - Carmichael SL
AD  - 2 Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 ES019776/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180330
PL  - United States
TA  - J Hum Lact
JT  - Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation 
      Consultant Association
JID - 8709498
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - CIW5S16655 (DDT)
MH  - Adult
MH  - California
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - DDT/adverse effects/chemistry
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects/chemistry
MH  - Female
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - Pasteurization/standards
PMC - PMC6422529
MID - NIHMS1006975
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - human milk
OT  - milk bank
COIS- Declaration of Conflicting Interests The authors declared no potential conflicts 
      of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this 
      article.
EDAT- 2018/03/31 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/01 06:00
PMCR- 2019/03/18
CRDT- 2018/03/31 06:00
PHST- 2018/03/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/03/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/03/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177/0890334418759308 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Hum Lact. 2018 May;34(2):340-349. doi: 10.1177/0890334418759308. Epub 2018 Mar 
      30.