PMID- 29607072
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 2056-807X (Print)
IS  - 2056-807X (Electronic)
IS  - 2056-807X (Linking)
VI  - 3
DP  - 2017
TI  - Bacterial morphotype grading for periodontal disease assessment.
PG  - 16011
LID - 10.1038/bdjopen.2016.11 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Listgarten and Hellden (1978) used darkfield microscopy of wet mounts 
      to differentiate between healthy and periodontally diseased sites in the mouth by 
      expressing the different bacterial morphotypes observed as a percentage of the 
      total number of bacteria counted. This method of periodontal disease assessment 
      gained favour as a diagnostic tool but presented with the limitation of immediate 
      examination to determine the number of motile rods present and an inability to 
      distinguish between gingivitis and periodontitis. Grading of bacterial 
      morphotypes into several distinct categories of health or disease (Ison and Hay, 
      2002), simplified the scoring system of Gram-stained smears for the diagnosis of 
      bacterial vaginosis (Nugent et al. 1991). The application of a similar grading 
      system using stained smears rather than wet mounts could be advantageous to the 
      diagnosis of periodontal disease. OBJECTIVES/AIMS: This study tested the 
      hypothesis that stained smears of dental plaque collected from the gingival 
      crevice of individuals with varying probing pocket depths (PD) may provide a 
      grading system for periodontal disease assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
      Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 49 patients, stained with a silver 
      stain and the proportions of each bacterial morphotype graded relative to their 
      respective PD measurements. RESULTS: This technique allowed for a grading system 
      of I-IV, with grade I indicating health and grade IV indicating severe 
      periodontal disease. DISCUSSION: Stained smear examination eliminates the time 
      restriction for motile rod enumeration and allows for storage of smears for 
      future reference. CONCLUSION: Standardization of the microscopic areas to be 
      evaluated or examined will facilitate the agreement of cut-off values for the 
      diagnosis of periodontal disease.
FAU - Smeda-Pienaar, Kim
AU  - Smeda-Pienaar K
AD  - Microbial Endogenous Infections Studies (MEnIS) Research Laboratories, Department 
      of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western 
      Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
FAU - Kaambo, Eveline
AU  - Kaambo E
AD  - Microbial Endogenous Infections Studies (MEnIS) Research Laboratories, Department 
      of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western 
      Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
FAU - Africa, Charlene W J
AU  - Africa CWJ
AD  - Microbial Endogenous Infections Studies (MEnIS) Research Laboratories, Department 
      of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western 
      Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170120
PL  - England
TA  - BDJ Open
JT  - BDJ open
JID - 101709456
PMC - PMC5842865
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2017/01/20 00:00
MHDA- 2017/01/20 00:01
PMCR- 2017/01/20
CRDT- 2018/04/03 06:00
PHST- 2015/12/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2016/12/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2016/12/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/04/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/01/20 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/20 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2017/01/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - bdjopen201611 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/bdjopen.2016.11 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BDJ Open. 2017 Jan 20;3:16011. doi: 10.1038/bdjopen.2016.11. eCollection 2017.