PMID- 29608983 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180816 LR - 20181202 IS - 1873-6351 (Electronic) IS - 0278-6915 (Linking) VI - 115 DP - 2018 May TI - Radon 222 in drinking water resources of Iran: A systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment (Monte Carlo simulation). PG - 460-469 LID - S0278-6915(18)30191-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.042 [doi] AB - The current study was performed to review the conducted studies regarding the concentration of radon 222 in the tap drinking water; furthermore, by estimation of ingestion and inhalation effective dose, the health risk assessment in the adults and children using MCS technique was assessed. All related studies published among January 1990 to October 2016; were screened in the available databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SID, and Irandoc. The total effective dose was estimated by calculating E(ing) (Effective dose of ingestion) and E(inh) (Effective dose of inhalation) by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The range of ND horizontal line 40.9 Bq/L for radon 222 in water resources was proposed after evaluation of data collected from 13 studies with 1079 samples. The overall concentration of radon 222 in drinking water in Iran was 3.98: 95%CI (3.79 horizontal line 4.17 Bq/L). Also, the effective ingestion dose of radon 222 in adults age groups was 1.35 times higher than children. The rank order of drinking water resources based on the concentration of radon 222 was Spring > Spring and Well > Well > Spring and Qanat > Tap water. The overall concentration of radon 222 in drinking water in Iran was lower than WHO and EPA standard limits. Also, the rank order regarding area studied based on the concentration of radon 222 was Gillan > Mashhad > Mazandaran > Kerman > Yazd > Tehran > Kermanshah > Golestan > Hormozgan. The effective ingestion dose of radon 222 to consumers in the Gillan, Mashhad, Mazandaran, and Kerman were higher than WHO guidance (0.1 mSv/y). Also except consumers in the Hormozgan, inhalation effective dose radon 222, in the other investigated areas were higher than WHO guidance (0.1 mSv/y). Therefore, it is recommended to conduct the required programs regarding control and elimination of radon 222 concentration in Iranian drinking water supply. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Keramati, Hassan AU - Keramati H AD - Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. FAU - Ghorbani, Raheb AU - Ghorbani R AD - Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. FAU - Fakhri, Yadolah AU - Fakhri Y AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Ya.fakhri@Sbmu.ac.com. FAU - Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin AU - Mousavi Khaneghah A AD - Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80, Caixa Postal: 6121, CEP: 13083-862, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: mousavi@fea.unicamp.br. FAU - Conti, Gea Oliveri AU - Conti GO AD - Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), 'G.F. Ingrassia' Department, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. FAU - Ferrante, Margherita AU - Ferrante M AD - Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA), 'G.F. Ingrassia' Department, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. FAU - Ghaderpoori, Mansour AU - Ghaderpoori M AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. FAU - Taghavi, Mahmoud AU - Taghavi M AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. FAU - Baninameh, Zahra AU - Baninameh Z AD - Sina Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. FAU - Bay, Abotaleb AU - Bay A AD - Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran. FAU - Golaki, Mohammad AU - Golaki M AD - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Moradi, Bigard AU - Moradi B AD - Department of Health Public, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Meta-Analysis PT - Review PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20180330 PL - England TA - Food Chem Toxicol JT - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association JID - 8207483 RN - 0 (Drinking Water) RN - 0 (Water Pollutants, Radioactive) RN - Q74S4N8N1G (Radon) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Child MH - Drinking Water/*chemistry MH - Humans MH - Iran MH - Monte Carlo Method MH - Radon/*analysis/standards MH - Risk Assessment MH - United States MH - United States Environmental Protection Agency MH - Water Pollutants, Radioactive/*analysis MH - World Health Organization OTO - NOTNLM OT - Drinking water OT - Effective dose OT - Monte Carlo simulation OT - Radioactive OT - Radon 222 EDAT- 2018/04/03 06:00 MHDA- 2018/08/17 06:00 CRDT- 2018/04/03 06:00 PHST- 2018/01/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/03/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/03/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/04/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/08/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/03 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0278-6915(18)30191-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.042 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 May;115:460-469. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.042. Epub 2018 Mar 30.