PMID- 29616678
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180813
LR  - 20181114
IS  - 2095-8137 (Print)
IS  - 2095-8137 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 5
DP  - 2018 Sep 18
TI  - Species identification of crested gibbons (Nomascus) in captivity in China using 
      karyotyping- and PCR-based approaches.
PG  - 356-363
LID - 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.036 [doi]
AB  - Gibbons and siamangs (Hylobatidae) are well-known for their rapid chromosomal 
      evolution, which has resulted in high speciation rate within the family. On the 
      other hand, distinct karyotypes do not prevent speciation, allowing interbreeding 
      between individuals in captivity, and the unwanted hybrids are ethically 
      problematic as all gibbon species are endangered or critically endangered. Thus, 
      accurate species identification is crucial for captive breeding, particularly in 
      China where studbooks are unavailable. Identification based on external 
      morphology is difficult, especially for hybrids, because species are usually 
      similar in appearance. In this study, we employed G-banding karyotyping and 
      fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as well as a PCR-based approach to 
      examine karyotypic characteristics and identify crested gibbons of the genus 
      Nomascus from zoos and nature reserves in China. We characterized and identified 
      five karyotypes from 21 individuals of Nomascus. Using karyotypes and 
      mitochondrial and nuclear genes, we identified three purebred species and three 
      hybrids, including one F2 hybrid between N. gabriellae and N. siki. Our results 
      also supported that N. leucogenys and N. siki shared the same inversion on 
      chromosome 7, which resolves arguments from previous studies. Our results 
      demonstrated that both karyotyping and DNA-based approaches were suitable for 
      identifying purebred species, though neither was ideal for hybrid identification. 
      The advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are discussed. Our results 
      further highlight the importance of animal ethics and welfare, which are critical 
      for endangered species in captivity.
FAU - Nie, Wen-Hui
AU  - Nie WH
AD  - Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, 
      China; E-mail:whnie@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
FAU - Wang, Jin-Huan
AU  - Wang JH
AD  - Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, 
      China.
FAU - Su, Wei-Ting
AU  - Su WT
AD  - Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, 
      China.
FAU - Hu, Yu
AU  - Hu Y
AD  - Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, 
      China.
FAU - He, Shui-Wang
AU  - He SW
AD  - Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, 
      China.
FAU - Jiang, Xue-Long
AU  - Jiang XL
AD  - Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, 
      China; E-mail:jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
FAU - He, Kai
AU  - He K
AD  - Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, 
      China; E-mail:hekai@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
AD  - Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8417, Japan.
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/MH188408-MH188428
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180403
PL  - China
TA  - Zool Res
JT  - Zoological research
JID - 101697192
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Zoo
MH  - Cell Nucleus/genetics
MH  - China
MH  - Endangered Species
MH  - Genes/genetics
MH  - Hylobates/classification/*genetics
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Karyotype
MH  - Karyotyping
MH  - Mitochondria/genetics
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
PMC - PMC6102682
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - F2 hybrid gibbon
OT  - Fluorescence in situ hybridization
OT  - Nomascus
OT  - Pericentric inversion
OT  - Species identification
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2018/04/05 06:00
MHDA- 2018/08/14 06:00
PMCR- 2018/09/18
CRDT- 2018/04/05 06:00
PHST- 2018/04/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/08/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/04/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/09/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ZoolRes-39-5-356 [pii]
AID - 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.036 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Zool Res. 2018 Sep 18;39(5):356-363. doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.036. 
      Epub 2018 Apr 3.