PMID- 29648420 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190201 LR - 20190201 IS - 1552-9924 (Electronic) IS - 0091-6765 (Print) IS - 0091-6765 (Linking) VI - 126 IP - 4 DP - 2018 Apr 6 TI - Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa. PG - 047004 LID - 10.1289/EHP2129 [doi] LID - 047004 AB - BACKGROUND: Although indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids effectively controls malaria, it potentially increases human exposure to these insecticides. Previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to these insecticides may impact human neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate the effects of maternal insecticide exposure and neurodevelopment of toddlers living in a malaria-endemic region currently using IRS. METHODS: The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort of 752 mother-child pairs in Limpopo, South Africa. We measured maternal exposure to DDT and its breakdown product, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), in maternal serum, and measured pyrethroid metabolites in maternal urine. We assessed children's neurodevelopment at 1 and 2 y of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition (BSID-III), and examined associations with maternal exposure. RESULTS: DDT and DDE were not associated with significantly lower scores for any BSID-III scale. In contrast, each 10-fold increase in cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were associated, respectively, with a -0.63 (95% CI: -1.14, -0.12), -0.48 (95% CI: -0.92, -0.05), and -0.58 (-1.11, -0.06) decrement in Social-Emotional scores at 1 y of age. In addition, each 10-fold increase in maternal cis-DBCA levels was associated with significant decrements at 2 y of age in Language Composite scores and Expressive Communication scores [beta=-1.74 (95% CI: -3.34, -0.13) and beta=-0.40 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.04), respectively, for a 10-fold increase]. Significant differences by sex were estimated for pyrethroid metabolites and motor function scores at 2 y of age, with higher scores for boys and lower scores for girls. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids may be associated at 1 y of age with poorer social-emotional development. At 2 y of age, poorer language development was observed with higher prenatal pyrethroid levels. Considering the widespread use of pyrethroids, these findings deserve further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2129. FAU - Eskenazi, Brenda AU - Eskenazi B AD - Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. FAU - An, Sookee AU - An S AD - Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. FAU - Rauch, Stephen A AU - Rauch SA AD - Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. FAU - Coker, Eric S AU - Coker ES AD - Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. FAU - Maphula, Angelina AU - Maphula A AD - University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa FAU - Obida, Muvhulawa AU - Obida M AD - University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa FAU - Crause, Madelein AU - Crause M AD - University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa FAU - Kogut, Katherine R AU - Kogut KR AD - Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. FAU - Bornman, Riana AU - Bornman R AD - University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control and School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa AD - Department of Urology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa FAU - Chevrier, Jonathan AU - Chevrier J AD - Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada LA - eng GR - R01 ES020360/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180406 PL - United States TA - Environ Health Perspect JT - Environmental health perspectives JID - 0330411 RN - 0 (Insecticides) RN - 0 (Pyrethrins) RN - CIW5S16655 (DDT) SB - IM EIN - Environ Health Perspect. 2018 Nov;126(11):119001. PMID: 30484712 EIN - Environ Health Perspect. 2020 Mar;128(3):39001. PMID: 32167796 MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cohort Studies MH - DDT/*adverse effects MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Infant MH - Insecticides/*adverse effects MH - Malaria/prevention & control MH - Male MH - *Maternal Exposure MH - Mosquito Control MH - Neurodevelopmental Disorders/chemically induced/*epidemiology MH - Pregnancy MH - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced/*epidemiology MH - Pyrethrins/*adverse effects MH - South Africa/epidemiology PMC - PMC6071803 EDAT- 2018/04/13 06:00 MHDA- 2019/02/02 06:00 PMCR- 2018/04/06 CRDT- 2018/04/13 06:00 PHST- 2017/05/01 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/02/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/02/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/04/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/04/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/02/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/06 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - EHP2129 [pii] AID - 10.1289/EHP2129 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Environ Health Perspect. 2018 Apr 6;126(4):047004. doi: 10.1289/EHP2129.