PMID- 29650024 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20181022 LR - 20181202 IS - 1756-6606 (Electronic) IS - 1756-6606 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 1 DP - 2018 Apr 12 TI - VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 mRNA-positive neurons in spinal trigeminal nucleus provide collateral projections to both the thalamus and the parabrachial nucleus in rats. PG - 22 LID - 10.1186/s13041-018-0362-y [doi] LID - 22 AB - The trigemino-thalamic (T-T) and trigemino-parabrachial (T-P) pathways are strongly implicated in the sensory-discriminative and affective/emotional aspects of orofacial pain, respectively. These T-T and T-P projection fibers originate from the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vsp). We previously determined that many vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1 and/or VGLUT2) mRNA-positive neurons were distributed in the Vsp of the adult rat, and most of these neurons sent their axons to the thalamus or cerebellum. However, whether VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 mRNA-positive projection neurons exist that send their axons to both the thalamus and the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) has not been reported. Thus, in the present study, dual retrograde tract tracing was used in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 mRNA to identify the existence of VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 mRNA neurons that send collateral projections to both the thalamus and the PBN. Neurons in the Vsp that send collateral projections to both the thalamus and the PBN were mainly VGLUT2 mRNA-positive, with a proportion of 90.3%, 93.0% and 85.4% in the oral (Vo), interpolar (Vi) and caudal (Vc) subnucleus of the Vsp, respectively. Moreover, approximately 34.0% of the collateral projection neurons in the Vc showed Fos immunopositivity after injection of formalin into the lip, and parts of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunopositive axonal varicosities were in direct contact with the Vc collateral projection neurons. These results indicate that most collateral projection neurons in the Vsp, particularly in the Vc, which express mainly VGLUT2, may relay orofacial nociceptive information directly to the thalamus and PBN via axon collaterals. FAU - Zhang, Chun-Kui AU - Zhang CK AD - Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. FAU - Li, Zhi-Hong AU - Li ZH AD - Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. FAU - Qiao, Yu AU - Qiao Y AD - Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. AD - Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. FAU - Zhang, Ting AU - Zhang T AD - Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. FAU - Lu, Ya-Cheng AU - Lu YC AD - Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. FAU - Chen, Tao AU - Chen T AD - Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. FAU - Dong, Yu-Lin AU - Dong YL AD - Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. FAU - Li, Yun-Qing AU - Li YQ AD - Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. deptanat@fmmu.edu.cn. FAU - Li, Jin-Lian AU - Li JL AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4304-8058 AD - Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. jinlian@fmmu.edu.cn. LA - eng GR - No. 81571074/National Natural Science Foundation of China/International PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20180412 PL - England TA - Mol Brain JT - Molecular brain JID - 101468876 RN - 0 (2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt) RN - 0 (Dextrans) RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Rhodamines) RN - 0 (Stilbamidines) RN - 0 (Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1) RN - 0 (Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2) RN - 0 (biotinylated dextran amine) RN - 0 (dextran tetramethylrhodamine) RN - 1HG84L3525 (Formaldehyde) RN - 6SO6U10H04 (Biotin) RN - JHB2QIZ69Z (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Axons/metabolism MH - Biotin/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives MH - Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism MH - Dendrites/metabolism MH - Dextrans/administration & dosage MH - Formaldehyde MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MH - Injections, Subcutaneous MH - Lip MH - Male MH - Neurons/*metabolism MH - Parabrachial Nucleus/*metabolism MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism MH - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Rhodamines/administration & dosage MH - Stilbamidines/administration & dosage MH - Synapses/metabolism MH - Thalamus/*metabolism MH - Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal/*metabolism MH - Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1/*genetics/metabolism MH - Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2/*genetics/metabolism PMC - PMC5897998 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Collateral projection OT - Parabrachial nucleus OT - Rat OT - Spinal trigeminal nucleus OT - Thalamus OT - Vesicular glutamate transporters COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL: Animal use and care was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the Fourth Military Medical University. Consent to participate is not applicable. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2018/04/14 06:00 MHDA- 2018/10/23 06:00 PMCR- 2018/04/12 CRDT- 2018/04/14 06:00 PHST- 2018/01/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/03/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/04/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/04/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/10/23 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/12 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s13041-018-0362-y [pii] AID - 362 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s13041-018-0362-y [doi] PST - epublish SO - Mol Brain. 2018 Apr 12;11(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s13041-018-0362-y.