PMID- 29657093 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190903 LR - 20190903 IS - 1878-5905 (Electronic) IS - 0142-9612 (Linking) VI - 178 DP - 2018 Sep TI - Advances in transformable drug delivery systems. PG - 546-558 LID - S0142-9612(18)30235-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.056 [doi] AB - These years, transformable drug delivery systems (DDSs), which hold the capability of changing formulation morphology and subsequent functionality at the desired disease site, have shown great promise in control of spatio-temporal drug delivery/release manner and enhanced treatment efficacy. Equipped with controllability and design flexibility, the transformable DDSs are being increasingly pursued for the development of precision drug delivery platforms for biomedical applications. In this review, we describe the recently developed intracelluarly and extracellularly transformable DDSs, especially associated with assembly or disassociation of the original formulation units, for achieving various functionalities, including prolonged retention time, inhibited endocytosis and enhanced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the different stimuli, such as pH, enzyme, light, temperature, redox and mechanical force that trigger the transformation process are also introduced. The future outlook and challenges are discussed in the end. CI - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Hu, Quanyin AU - Hu Q AD - Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. FAU - Chen, Qian AU - Chen Q AD - Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. FAU - Gu, Zhen AU - Gu Z AD - Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: zgu@email.unc.edu. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20180405 PL - Netherlands TA - Biomaterials JT - Biomaterials JID - 8100316 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Drug Delivery Systems/*methods MH - Extracellular Space/chemistry MH - Humans MH - Intracellular Space/chemistry MH - Microbubbles MH - Nanoparticles/chemistry/ultrastructure MH - Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cancer therapy OT - Drug delivery OT - Stimuli-responsive OT - Transformable formulation EDAT- 2018/04/17 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/04 06:00 CRDT- 2018/04/17 06:00 PHST- 2018/01/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/03/21 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2018/03/31 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/04/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/17 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0142-9612(18)30235-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.056 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Biomaterials. 2018 Sep;178:546-558. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.056. Epub 2018 Apr 5.