PMID- 29681195 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190128 LR - 20190410 IS - 1744-7682 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2598 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 6 DP - 2018 Jun TI - Biologics for treating axial spondyloarthritis. PG - 641-652 LID - 10.1080/14712598.2018.1468884 [doi] AB - INTRODUCTION: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases sharing genetic, immunological, clinical and imaging features. Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) refers to a subgroup characterised predominately by inflammation of the axial skeleton with subsequent symptoms of chronic (often inflammatory) back pain and sacroiliitis. There is a strong association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I allele human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27. In the last decade, there has been significant progress in earlier detection of the disease and the molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. The subsequent introduction of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has revolutionised the treatment of patients with axSpA. AREAS COVERED: In this article, we review the current biologic therapies for axSpA, the emergence of biosimilars, predictors of response, primary and secondary failure and new biologics on the horizon. EXPERT OPINION: There have been significant advances in the treatment of axSpA. Beyond the clear efficacy of anti-TNF inhibition, IL-17 offers an alternative therapeutic target and there is promise from inhibition of the IL-17/IL-23 pathway and small molecules, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Biosimilars have offered greater affordability and choice within this increasingly growing field of therapeutics. FAU - Jones, Alexis AU - Jones A AD - a Rheumatology Department , University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. FAU - Ciurtin, Coziana AU - Ciurtin C AD - b University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. FAU - Ismajli, Mediola AU - Ismajli M AD - c Rheumatology Department , Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. FAU - Leandro, Maria AU - Leandro M AD - b University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. FAU - Sengupta, Raj AU - Sengupta R AD - d Royal National Hospital For Rheumatic Diseases , Bath , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. FAU - Machado, Pedro M AU - Machado PM AD - e Centre for Rheumatology & MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases , University College London , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20180507 PL - England TA - Expert Opin Biol Ther JT - Expert opinion on biological therapy JID - 101125414 RN - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents) RN - 0 (Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals) RN - 0 (IL17A protein, human) RN - 0 (Interleukin-17) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) SB - IM MH - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*therapeutic use MH - Back Pain/drug therapy/etiology MH - Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals/*therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/drug therapy MH - Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors MH - Spondylarthritis/complications/*drug therapy/epidemiology MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors OTO - NOTNLM OT - Spondyloarthritis OT - ankylosing spondylitis OT - anti-IL17 OT - anti-TNF OT - biologics OT - biosimilars EDAT- 2018/04/24 06:00 MHDA- 2019/01/29 06:00 CRDT- 2018/04/24 06:00 PHST- 2018/04/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/01/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/04/24 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1080/14712598.2018.1468884 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2018 Jun;18(6):641-652. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1468884. Epub 2018 May 7.