PMID- 29702576
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180917
LR  - 20190730
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 5
DP  - 2018 Apr 27
TI  - Multi-Response Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Enzymatic Extraction Followed 
      by Macroporous Resin Purification for Maximal Recovery of Flavonoids and 
      Ginkgolides from Waste Ginkgo biloba Fallen Leaves.
LID - 10.3390/molecules23051029 [doi]
LID - 1029
AB  - In the present study, the process of ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction 
      (UAEE), followed by macroporous resin purification, was successfully developed to 
      achieve maximal recovery of flavonoids and ginkgolides from Ginkgo biloba fallen 
      leaves (GBFL). Three effective extracted factors, including UAE power, EtOH%, and 
      the amount of cellulase were screened by Plackett(-)Burman design (PBD). The 
      important variables were further optimized by rotatable central composite design 
      (RCCD). After the combination of PBD and RCCD, the resulting optimal UAEE 
      conditions were as follows: UAE power of 218 W; EtOH% of 68%; the amount of 
      cellulase of 8.4 mg; UAE temperature of 40  degrees C; UAE time of 20 min; pH of 5.0; 
      and, sample particle size of 40 mesh. Under the optimum conditions; the yields of 
      flavonoids were 0.74 +/- 0.05% (n = 3) and ginkgolides was 0.42 +/- 0.06% (n = 3), 
      which were close to the predicted values. Moreover, the further enriching 
      flavonoids and ginkgolides from the obtained GBFL extracts using the above 
      optimum UAEE condition was successfully achieved by macroporous resin DA-201. 
      After column adsorption and desorption on DA-201; the percentage of total 
      flavonoids was (25.36 +/- 1.03)%; ginkgolides was (12.43 +/- 0.85)% and alkylphenols 
      was (0.003 +/- 0.0005)% from the obtained dry extracts of GBFL which were complied 
      with Chinese pharmacopoeias. Therefore, the present study provided a convenient 
      and efficient method for extraction and purification of flavonoids and 
      ginkgolides from waste GBFL.
FAU - Zhou, Guisheng
AU  - Zhou G
AD  - Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources 
      Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. 
      zhouguisheng1@126.com.
FAU - Ma, Jiayan
AU  - Ma J
AD  - Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources 
      Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. 
      18762852628@163.com.
FAU - Tang, Yuping
AU  - Tang Y
AD  - Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources 
      Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. 
      yupingtang@njucm.edu.cn.
AD  - College of Pharmacy and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese 
      Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 
      Xi'an 712046, China. yupingtang@njucm.edu.cn.
FAU - Wang, Xinmin
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Center for ADR monitoring of Jiangsu, Nanjing 210002, China. yatou8880@126.com.
FAU - Zhang, Jing
AU  - Zhang J
AD  - Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources 
      Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. 
      ZJ199303@126.com.
FAU - Duan, Jin-Ao
AU  - Duan JA
AD  - Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources 
      Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China. 
      2051001@sntcm.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180427
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Flavonoids)
RN  - 0 (Ginkgolides)
RN  - 0 (Resins, Plant)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.4 (Cellulase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cellulase/*metabolism
MH  - Chemical Fractionation/*methods
MH  - Flavonoids/*isolation & purification
MH  - Ginkgo biloba/*chemistry
MH  - Ginkgolides/*isolation & purification
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Plant Leaves/chemistry
MH  - Porosity
MH  - Resins, Plant/isolation & purification
MH  - Sonication
MH  - Temperature
PMC - PMC6099491
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ginkgo biloba fallen leaves
OT  - Plackett-Burman design
OT  - macroporous resin
OT  - response surface methodology
OT  - ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/04/28 06:00
MHDA- 2018/09/18 06:00
PMCR- 2018/04/27
CRDT- 2018/04/28 06:00
PHST- 2018/03/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/04/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/04/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/04/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/04/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/09/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/04/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules23051029 [pii]
AID - molecules-23-01029 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules23051029 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2018 Apr 27;23(5):1029. doi: 10.3390/molecules23051029.