PMID- 29721401
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240314
IS  - 2190-4707 (Print)
IS  - 2190-4715 (Electronic)
IS  - 2190-4715 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018
TI  - Marine litter plastics and microplastics and their toxic chemicals components: 
      the need for urgent preventive measures.
PG  - 13
LID - 10.1186/s12302-018-0139-z [doi]
LID - 13
AB  - Persistent plastics, with an estimated lifetime for degradation of hundreds of 
      years in marine conditions, can break up into micro- and nanoplastics over 
      shorter timescales, thus facilitating their uptake by marine biota throughout the 
      food chain. These polymers may contain chemical additives and contaminants, 
      including some known endocrine disruptors that may be harmful at extremely low 
      concentrations for marine biota, thus posing potential risks to marine 
      ecosystems, biodiversity and food availability. Although there is still need to 
      carry out focused scientific research to fill the knowledge gaps about the 
      impacts of plastic litter in the marine environment (Wagner et al. in Environ Sci 
      Eur 26:9, 2014), the food chain and human health, existing scientific evidence 
      and concerns are already sufficient to support actions by the scientific, 
      industry, policy and civil society communities to curb the ongoing flow of 
      plastics and the toxic chemicals they contain into the marine environment. 
      Without immediate strong preventive measures, the environmental impacts and the 
      economic costs are set only to become worse, even in the short term. Continued 
      increases in plastic production and consumption, combined with wasteful uses, 
      inefficient waste collection infrastructures and insufficient waste management 
      facilities, especially in developing countries, mean that even achieving already 
      established objectives for reductions in marine litter remains a huge challenge, 
      and one unlikely to be met without a fundamental rethink of the ways in which we 
      consume plastics. This document was prepared by a working group of Regional 
      Centres of the Stockholm and Basel Conventions and related colleagues intended to 
      be a background document for discussion in the 2017 Conference of the Parties 
      (COP) of the Basel Convention on hazardous wastes and the Stockholm Convention on 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The COP finally approved that the issue of 
      plastic waste could be dealt by its Regional Centres and consistently report 
      their activities on the matter to next COP's meetings.
FAU - Gallo, Frederic
AU  - Gallo F
AD  - SCP/RAC, Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and 
      the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean, Stockholm Convention Regional Activity 
      Centre in Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Fossi, Cristina
AU  - Fossi C
AD  - 2University of Siena, Siena, Italy. ISNI: 0000 0004 1757 4641. GRID: grid.9024.f
FAU - Weber, Roland
AU  - Weber R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3626-0707
AD  - POPs Environmental Consulting, Schwabisch Gmund, Germany.
FAU - Santillo, David
AU  - Santillo D
AD  - Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Exeter, UK.
FAU - Sousa, Joao
AU  - Sousa J
AD  - 5Global Marine and Polar Programme, International Union for Conservation of 
      Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland. ISNI: 0000 0000 8486 2070. GRID: grid.426526.1
FAU - Ingram, Imogen
AU  - Ingram I
AD  - International POPs Elimination Network (IPEN), Rarotonga, Cook Islands.
FAU - Nadal, Angel
AU  - Nadal A
AD  - 7Endocrine Society EDC Advisory Group Chair, Miguel Hernandez University of Elx, 
      Alacant, Spain. ISNI: 0000 0001 0586 4893. GRID: grid.26811.3c
FAU - Romano, Dolores
AU  - Romano D
AD  - Independent Consultant, Zaragoza, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180418
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Eur
JT  - Environmental sciences Europe
JID - 101571842
PMC - PMC5918521
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Basel Convention
OT  - Endocrine disruptors
OT  - Food security
OT  - Marine biodiversity
OT  - Microplastics
OT  - Nanoplastics
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Plastic waste
OT  - Prevention measures
OT  - Stockholm Convention
EDAT- 2018/05/04 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/04 06:01
PMCR- 2018/04/18
CRDT- 2018/05/04 06:00
PHST- 2017/09/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/03/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/05/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/05/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/04/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 139 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12302-018-0139-z [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Eur. 2018;30(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s12302-018-0139-z. Epub 2018 Apr 18.