PMID- 29730557
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20181012
LR  - 20181012
IS  - 1878-1705 (Electronic)
IS  - 1567-5769 (Linking)
VI  - 60
DP  - 2018 Jul
TI  - Immunomodulatory effects of Tinospora crispa extract and its major compounds on 
      the immune functions of RAW 264.7 macrophages.
PG  - 141-151
LID - S1567-5769(18)30197-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.046 [doi]
AB  - The in vivo immunomodulatory activities of Tinospora crispa have been reported 
      but its molecular mechanisms underlying its immunomodulatory properties remains 
      obscure and the active constituents contributing to the activities have not been 
      identified. The present study was aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory 
      effects of T. crispa extract (TCE) and its chemical constituents on RAW 264.7 
      macrophages. Six known compounds including magnoflorine and syringin were 
      isolated by various chromatographic techniques from TCE and their structures were 
      determined spectroscopically. A validated HPLC method was used to quantify 
      magnoflorine and syringin in the extract. The immunomodulatory effects of TCE and 
      its isolated compounds on chemotaxis, phagocytosis, production of inflammatory 
      mediators including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), 
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines which include tumor 
      necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant 
      protein-1 (MCP-1) on macrophages were assessed. TCE increased the chemotaxis and 
      phagocytic activity of macrophages and significantly enhanced the production of 
      ROS, NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines. All alkaloids isolated, specifically 
      magnoflorine showed remarkable inducing effects on the chemotaxis, phagocytic 
      activity, ROS and NO productions and the secretions of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL6, PGE2 
      and MCP-1. In contrast, syringin potently reduced the chemotaxis, phagocytic 
      activity, ROS and NO productions and secretions of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL6, PGE2 and 
      MCP-1. TCE showed strong immunostimulant effects on various components of the 
      immune system and these activities were possibly contributed mainly by the 
      alkaloids specifically magnoflorine. TCE has potential to be developed as an 
      effective natural immunostimulant for improvement of immune-related disorders.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ahmad, Waqas
AU  - Ahmad W
AD  - School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700 Gelugor, 
      Penang, Malaysia.
FAU - Jantan, Ibrahim
AU  - Jantan I
AD  - Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan 
      Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic 
      address: profibj@gmail.com.
FAU - Kumolosasi, Endang
AU  - Kumolosasi E
AD  - Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan 
      Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Haque, Md Areeful
AU  - Haque MA
AD  - Drug and Herbal Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan 
      Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Bukhari, Syed Nasir Abbas
AU  - Bukhari SNA
AD  - Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 
      Aljouf, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180503
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int Immunopharmacol
JT  - International immunopharmacology
JID - 100965259
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Immunologic Factors)
RN  - 0 (Phytochemicals)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - K7Q1JQR04M (Dinoprostone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Movement/drug effects
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Dinoprostone/metabolism
MH  - Immunologic Factors/analysis/*pharmacology
MH  - Macrophages/*drug effects/metabolism/physiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Nitric Oxide/metabolism
MH  - Phagocytosis/drug effects
MH  - Phytochemicals/analysis/pharmacology
MH  - Plant Extracts/analysis/*pharmacology
MH  - Plant Stems
MH  - RAW 264.7 Cells
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - *Tinospora
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Immunostimulant effects
OT  - Magnoflorine
OT  - Phagocytosis
OT  - Pro-inflammatory cytokines
OT  - RAW 264.7 cells
OT  - Tinospora crispa
EDAT- 2018/05/08 06:00
MHDA- 2018/10/13 06:00
CRDT- 2018/05/07 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/04/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/04/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/05/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/10/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/05/07 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1567-5769(18)30197-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.046 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Jul;60:141-151. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.046. Epub 
      2018 May 3.