PMID- 29732414
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 2378-9476 (Electronic)
IS  - 2378-9476 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 1
DP  - 2017
TI  - Environment Influencing Serotonin Syndrome Induced by Ecstasy Abuse.
LID - 1039 [pii]
AB  - Ecstasy is a recreational drug containing 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
      (MDMA). In the U.S., there are several millions of lifetime users, and millions 
      each year added to the list as new users. Only several thousand every year show 
      signs of severe toxicity and require emergency intervention. The illness is known 
      as serotonin (5-HT) syndrome, which can be mild, moderate or severe. The 
      relationship between mild, moderate and severe syndromes appears to be 
      interchangeable, but the severe syndrome is life-threatening. The serotonergic 
      mechanisms of how the mild or moderate syndrome becomes severe and 
      life-threatening have attracted considerable attention in the last few years as 
      an effort to explore new treatments potentially to manage illness and prevent 
      death of patients. High levels of extracellular 5-HT in the brain produced by 
      large doses of MDMA are not always necessary to cause a severe serotonin 
      syndrome. Additional mechanisms may be more important. Recent research has 
      demonstrated that environmental conditions (i.e., non-drug factors) are more 
      critical in determining the severity of MDMA-induced serotonin syndrome than the 
      drug dose. The purpose of the current article was to review available evidence 
      regarding the effect of non-drug factors on serotonergic extrasynaptic receptor 
      responsivity and the severity of MDMA-induced serotonin syndrome.
FAU - Tao, Rui
AU  - Tao R
AD  - Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, USA.
FAU - Shokry, Ibrahim M
AU  - Shokry IM
AD  - Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, USA.
AD  - Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Indies.
FAU - Callanan, John J
AU  - Callanan JJ
AD  - Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Indies.
LA  - eng
GR  - R15 DA029863/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20170307
PL  - United States
TA  - Ann Forensic Res Anal
JT  - Annals of forensic research and analysis
JID - 101714288
PMC - PMC5931730
MID - NIHMS909770
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 5-HT1A
OT  - 5-HT2A
OT  - Ecstasy
OT  - Extrasynaptic receptor
OT  - Hyperthermia
OT  - MDMA toxicity
OT  - Serotonin syndrome
EDAT- 2017/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2017/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 2018/05/02
CRDT- 2018/05/08 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/05/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1039 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ann Forensic Res Anal. 2017;4(1):1039. Epub 2017 Mar 7.