PMID- 29735578
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200911
LR  - 20210402
IS  - 2157-1422 (Electronic)
IS  - 2157-1422 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019 Apr 1
TI  - Lifestyle and Environmental Factors in Multiple Sclerosis.
LID - 10.1101/cshperspect.a028944 [doi]
LID - a028944
AB  - Lifestyle and environmental factors potently influence the risk of multiple 
      sclerosis (MS), because genetic predisposition only explains a fraction of the 
      risk increase. There is strong evidence for associations of Epstein-Barr virus 
      (EBV) infection, smoking, sun exposure/vitamin D, and adolescent obesity to risk 
      of MS. There is also circumstantial evidence on organic solvents and shift work, 
      all associate with greater risk, although certain factors like nicotine, alcohol, 
      and a high coffee consumption associate with a reduced risk. Certain factors, 
      smoking, EBV infection, and obesity interact with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 
      risk genes, arguing for a pathogenic pathway involving adaptive immunity. There 
      is a potential for prevention, in particular for people at greater risk such as 
      relatives of individuals with MS. All of the described factors for MS may 
      influence adaptive and/or innate immunity, as has been argued for MS risk gene 
      variants.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.
FAU - Alfredsson, Lars
AU  - Alfredsson L
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 
      and Centre for Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, 
      Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
FAU - Olsson, Tomas
AU  - Olsson T
AD  - Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Solna, 
      17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190401
PL  - United States
TA  - Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med
JT  - Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine
JID - 101571139
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Environment
MH  - Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
MH  - Gene-Environment Interaction
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Life Style
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/*epidemiology/genetics
MH  - Pediatric Obesity
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Smoking/adverse effects
PMC - PMC6444694
EDAT- 2018/05/08 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/12 06:00
PMCR- 2021/04/01
CRDT- 2018/05/09 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/05/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - cshperspect.a028944 [pii]
AID - a028944 [pii]
AID - 10.1101/cshperspect.a028944 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2019 Apr 1;9(4):a028944. doi: 
      10.1101/cshperspect.a028944.