PMID- 29736060
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 0019-5545 (Print)
IS  - 1998-3794 (Electronic)
IS  - 0019-5545 (Linking)
VI  - 60
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Jan-Mar
TI  - Improvement in neurocognitive functions and serum brain-derived neurotrophic 
      factor levels in patients with depression treated with antidepressants and yoga.
PG  - 32-37
LID - 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_154_17 [doi]
AB  - CONTEXT AND AIMS: Impairment in cognition is well-known in patients with major 
      depressive disorder. This study examined the effect of yoga therapy with or 
      without antidepressants and antidepressants alone on certain neuropsychological 
      functions in patients with depression. Correlation between changes in 
      neuropsychological test performance and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor 
      (BDNF) levels was also explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
      Antidepressant-naive/antidepressant-free outpatients with depression received 
      antidepressant medication alone (n = 23) or yoga therapy with (n = 26) or without 
      (n = 16) antidepressants. Depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression 
      Rating Scale. Neuropsychological tests included digit-span forward and backward, 
      Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Trail Making Tests (TMT-A and B). These 
      tests were administered before and 3 months after the treatment in patients, and 
      once in healthy comparison subjects (n = 19). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Baseline 
      differences were analyzed using independent sample t-test, Chi-square, and 
      one-way ANOVA. Paired t-test was used to analyze the change from baseline to 
      follow-up. Pearson's correlation was used to explore the association of change 
      between 2 variables. RESULTS: Patients had impaired performance on most 
      neuropsychological tests. After 3 months, there was significant improvement - 
      patients' performance was comparable to that of healthy controls on majority of 
      the tests. Significant inverse correlation was observed between increase in BDNF 
      levels and improvement in TMT "A" duration in Yoga-alone group (r = -0.647; P = 
      0.009). CONCLUSIONS: To conclude that, Yoga therapy, alone or in combination with 
      medications, is associated with improved neuropsychological functions and 
      neuroplastic effects in patients with depression.
FAU - Halappa, Naveen Gowrapura
AU  - Halappa NG
AD  - Department of Health and Yoga, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad 
      Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Thirthalli, Jagadisha
AU  - Thirthalli J
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, National Institute 
      of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Varambally, Shivarama
AU  - Varambally S
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, National Institute 
      of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Rao, Mukund
AU  - Rao M
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, National Institute 
      of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Christopher, Rita
AU  - Christopher R
AD  - Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and 
      Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
FAU - Nanjundaiah, Gangadhar B
AU  - Nanjundaiah GB
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, National Institute 
      of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Psychiatry
JT  - Indian journal of psychiatry
JID - 0013255
PMC - PMC5914260
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Antidepressants
OT  - Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
OT  - brain-derived neurotrophic factor
OT  - cognition
OT  - depression
OT  - yoga
COIS- There are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2018/05/08 06:00
MHDA- 2018/05/08 06:01
PMCR- 2018/01/01
CRDT- 2018/05/09 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/05/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/05/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IJPsy-60-32 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_154_17 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Psychiatry. 2018 Jan-Mar;60(1):32-37. doi: 
      10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_154_17.