PMID- 29738789
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191125
LR  - 20191125
IS  - 1879-176X (Electronic)
IS  - 0300-5712 (Linking)
VI  - 75
DP  - 2018 Aug
TI  - The influence of hardness and chemical composition on enamel demineralization and 
      subsequent remineralization.
PG  - 34-40
LID - S0300-5712(18)30111-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.002 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to investigate the hardness and chemical 
      composition of sound, demineralized and pH-cycled bovine enamel and determine 
      their influence on demineralization and remineralization behavior. METHODS: 
      Ninety-four, 5 x 5 x 2-mm bovine enamel specimens were demineralized using three 
      different times [(24 h (n = 33), 48 h (n = 30), 96 h (n = 31)]. The specimens 
      were then pH-cycled using either 367 ppm F sodium fluoride or deionized water. 
      Knoop hardness (HK) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (measured elements: 
      Ca, P, F, C, Mg, N) were performed at three stages (sound, after 
      demineralization, after pH-cycling) and transverse microradiography was performed 
      after demineralization and pH-cycling. Comparisons were determined by ANOVA. 
      RESULTS: Results showed that HK, integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were 
      significantly different between stages, demineralization times and treatments. 
      The weight% of F at the surface was significantly affected by treatment, 
      irrespective of demineralization time, while the Ca:P ratio of the enamel 
      remained stable even after de- and remineralization protocols. The F in fluoride 
      groups and the artificial saliva in non-fluoride groups were both able to induce 
      enamel remineralization, indicating the protective effect of salivary pellicle 
      against demineralization even in the absence of fluoride. CONCLUSIONS: Harder 
      specimens and those with greater surface F weight% were less susceptible to 
      demineralization and were more likely to remineralize. However, the amount of 
      surface Ca and P did not influence de- or remineralization behavior. CLINICAL 
      SIGNIFICANCE: This in vitro study can help clinicians better understand the 
      caries process and the impact of the physical and chemical characteristics of 
      enamel on its behavior during de- and remineralization. The over-the-counter 
      fluoride toothpaste containing 1100 ppm-F was used, and was able to produce a 
      mineralized enamel surface layer.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Alkattan, Rana
AU  - Alkattan R
AD  - Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana 
      University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA; Department of Restorative 
      Dental Science, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 
      Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Lippert, Frank
AU  - Lippert F
AD  - Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana 
      University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA.
FAU - Tang, Qing
AU  - Tang Q
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 
      USA.
FAU - Eckert, George J
AU  - Eckert GJ
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 
      USA.
FAU - Ando, Masatoshi
AU  - Ando M
AD  - Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana 
      University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA. Electronic address: 
      mando@iu.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180505
PL  - England
TA  - J Dent
JT  - Journal of dentistry
JID - 0354422
RN  - 0 (Cariostatic Agents)
RN  - Q80VPU408O (Fluorides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cariostatic Agents
MH  - Cattle
MH  - *Dental Caries
MH  - *Dental Enamel
MH  - Fluorides
MH  - Hardness
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - *Tooth Demineralization
MH  - *Tooth Remineralization
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bovine
OT  - Chemical
OT  - Composition
OT  - Enamel
OT  - Hardness
OT  - Mineral
EDAT- 2018/05/09 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/26 06:00
CRDT- 2018/05/09 06:00
PHST- 2018/04/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/05/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/05/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/05/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/05/09 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0300-5712(18)30111-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Dent. 2018 Aug;75:34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.05.002. Epub 2018 May 5.