PMID- 29743055 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20190531 LR - 20240314 IS - 1471-2458 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2458 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 1 DP - 2018 May 9 TI - Substantial variation across geographic regions in the obesity prevalence among 6-8 years old Hungarian children (COSI Hungary 2016). PG - 611 LID - 10.1186/s12889-018-5530-6 [doi] LID - 611 AB - BACKGROUND: There have been previous representative nutritional status surveys conducted in Hungary, but this is the first one that examines overweight and obesity prevalence according to the level of urbanization and in different geographic regions among 6-8-year-old children. We also assessed whether these variations were different by sex. METHODS: This survey was part of the fourth data collection round of World Health Organization (WHO) Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative which took place during the academic year 2016/2017. The representative sample was determined by two-stage cluster sampling. A total of 5332 children (48.4% boys; age 7.54 +/- 0.64 years) were measured from all seven geographic regions including urban (at least 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1598), semi-urban (100 to 500 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1932) and rural (less than 100 inhabitants per square kilometer; n = 1802) areas. RESULTS: Using the WHO reference, prevalence of overweight and obesity within the whole sample were 14.2, and 12.7%, respectively. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference, rates were 12.6 and 8.6%. Northern Hungary and Southern Transdanubia were the regions with the highest obesity prevalence of 11.0 and 12.0%, while Central Hungary was the one with the lowest obesity rate (6.1%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity tended to be higher in rural areas (13.0 and 9.8%) than in urban areas (11.9 and 7.0%). Concerning differences in sex, girls had higher obesity risk in rural areas (OR = 2.0) but boys did not. Odds ratios were 2.0-3.4 in different regions for obesity compared to Central Hungary, but only among boys. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are emerging problems in Hungary. Remarkable differences were observed in the prevalence of obesity by geographic regions. These variations can only be partly explained by geographic characteristics. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Study protocol was approved by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Research Council ( 61158-2/2016/EKU ). FAU - Erdei, Gergo AU - Erdei G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5182-8612 AD - School of PhD Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Health Science Research, Semmelweis University, 26 Ulloi Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary. erdeigergo8@gmail.com. AD - Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrinyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. erdeigergo8@gmail.com. AD - Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas Street, Budapest, 1088, Hungary. erdeigergo8@gmail.com. FAU - Bakacs, Marta AU - Bakacs M AD - Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrinyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. FAU - Illes, Eva AU - Illes E AD - Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrinyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. FAU - Nagy, Barbara AU - Nagy B AD - Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrinyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. FAU - Kaposvari, Csilla AU - Kaposvari C AD - Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrinyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. FAU - Mak, Erzsebet AU - Mak E AD - Department of Dietetics and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas Street, Budapest, 1088, Hungary. FAU - Nagy, Eszter Sarkadi AU - Nagy ES AD - Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrinyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. FAU - Cserhati, Zoltan AU - Cserhati Z AD - Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrinyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. FAU - Kovacs, Viktoria Anna AU - Kovacs VA AD - Division of Nutrition, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 3 Zrinyi Street, Budapest, 1051, Hungary. LA - eng GR - Biannual Collaborative Agreement 2016/2017/World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe/International PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180509 PL - England TA - BMC Public Health JT - BMC public health JID - 100968562 SB - IM MH - Child MH - Female MH - *Health Status Disparities MH - Humans MH - Hungary/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Pediatric Obesity/*epidemiology MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Factors MH - Rural Population/*statistics & numerical data MH - Sex Distribution MH - Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data PMC - PMC5944005 OTO - NOTNLM OT - COSI OT - Children OT - Geographic regions OT - Hungary OT - Obesity OT - Overweight OT - Prevalence OT - Urbanization COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The COSI protocol is in accordance with the International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects [22]. Study protocol was approved by the National Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Research Council (61158-2/2016/EKU) including the opt-out consent approach. An opt-out consent approach was used, so if the parents did not want their children to participate in the study, they would get in touch with the research team. Parents were informed about the survey by an information sheet which were sent home with the children together with the consent form. The consent form had to be returned only if parents did not want their children to participate in the study. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER'S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. EDAT- 2018/05/11 06:00 MHDA- 2019/06/01 06:00 PMCR- 2018/05/09 CRDT- 2018/05/11 06:00 PHST- 2017/10/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/05/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/05/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/05/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/06/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/05/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12889-018-5530-6 [pii] AID - 5530 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12889-018-5530-6 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Public Health. 2018 May 9;18(1):611. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5530-6.