PMID- 29754588 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20180912 LR - 20181114 IS - 2049-9957 (Electronic) IS - 2095-5162 (Print) IS - 2049-9957 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 1 DP - 2018 May 14 TI - Evaluating seroprevalence to circumsporozoite protein to estimate exposure to three species of Plasmodium in the Brazilian Amazon. PG - 46 LID - 10.1186/s40249-018-0428-1 [doi] LID - 46 AB - BACKGROUND: Brazil has seen a great decline in malaria and the country is moving towards elimination. However, for eventual elimination, the control program needs efficient tools in order to monitor malaria exposure and transmission. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether seroprevalence to the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a good tool for monitoring the exposure to and/or evaluating the burden and distribution of Plasmodium species in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in a rural area of Porto Velho, Rondonia state. Parasite infection was detected by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Antibodies to the sporozoite CSP repeats of Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, and P. malariae (PvCS, PfCS, and PmCS) were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and DQB1 genes were typed using Luminex(R) xMAP(R) technology. RESULTS: The prevalence of immunoglobulin G against P. vivax CSP peptide (62%) was higher than P. falciparum (49%) and P. malariae (46%) CSP peptide. Most of the studied individuals had antibodies to at least one of the three peptides (72%), 34% had antibodies to all three peptides and 28% were non-responders. Although the majority of the population was not infected at the time of the survey, 74.3% of parasite-negative individuals had antibodies to at least one of the CSPs. Importantly, among individuals carrying the haplotypes DRB1*04~DQB1*03, there was a significantly higher frequency of PfCS responders, and DRB1*16~DQB1*03 haplotype for PvCS and PfCS responders. In contrast, HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DQB1*05 allelic groups were associated with a lack of antibodies to P. vivax and P. falciparum CSP repeats, and the haplotype DRB1*01~DQB1*05 was also associated with non-responders, including non-responders to P. malariae. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that in low transmission settings, naturally acquired antibody responses against the CSP repeats of P. vivax, P. falciparum, and P. malariae in a single cross-sectional study may not represent a valuable marker for monitoring recent malaria exposure, especially in an area with a high prevalence of P. vivax. Furthermore, HLA class II molecules play an important role in antibody response and require further study with a larger sample size. It will be of interest to consider HLA analysis when using serosurveillance to monitor malaria exposure among genetically diverse populations. FAU - Pereira, Virginia Araujo AU - Pereira VA AD - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. FAU - Sanchez-Arcila, Juan Camilo AU - Sanchez-Arcila JC AD - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. FAU - Vasconcelos, Mariana Pinheiro Alves AU - Vasconcelos MPA AD - Institute of Infectology Emilio Ribas, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Ferreira, Amanda Ribeiro AU - Ferreira AR AD - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. FAU - de Souza Videira, Lorene AU - de Souza Videira L AD - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. FAU - Teva, Antonio AU - Teva A AD - Laboratory of Immunodiagnosis, Departament of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. FAU - Perce-da-Silva, Daiana AU - Perce-da-Silva D AD - Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. FAU - Marques, Maria Teresa Queiroz AU - Marques MTQ AD - Laboratory of Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation - HLA of DHE/IBRAG/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. FAU - de Carvalho, Luzia Helena AU - de Carvalho LH AD - Molecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou/Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. FAU - Banic, Dalma Maria AU - Banic DM AD - Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. FAU - Porto, Luiz Cristovao Sobrino AU - Porto LCS AD - Laboratory of Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation - HLA of DHE/IBRAG/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. FAU - Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli AU - Oliveira-Ferreira J AD - Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. lila@ioc.fiocruz.br. LA - eng GR - 5555659/2009-7/PRONEX Rede Malaria, Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Tecnologia - CNPq/ GR - E-26/170.003/2010/Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro- FAPERJ/ GR - 307659/2016-0/Research Productivity Fellowships from the CNPq/ GR - 142104/2014-0/CNPq Fellowship/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20180514 PL - England TA - Infect Dis Poverty JT - Infectious diseases of poverty JID - 101606645 RN - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan) RN - 0 (Protozoan Proteins) RN - 0 (circumsporozoite protein, Protozoan) SB - IM MH - Adolescent MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Malaria/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Plasmodium/*isolation & purification MH - Prevalence MH - Protozoan Proteins/*immunology MH - Rural Population MH - Seroepidemiologic Studies MH - Species Specificity MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC5950184 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brazil OT - Circumsporozoite protein OT - Human leucocyte antigen OT - IgG antibody OT - Malaria OT - Porto Velho OT - Rondonia OT - Serological marker COIS- ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The protocol of this study was reviewed and approved by the Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz Ethical Committee (CEP/FIOCRUZ, 492/08). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2018/05/15 06:00 MHDA- 2018/09/13 06:00 PMCR- 2018/05/14 CRDT- 2018/05/15 06:00 PHST- 2017/07/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2018/04/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2018/05/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2018/05/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2018/09/13 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2018/05/14 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s40249-018-0428-1 [pii] AID - 428 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s40249-018-0428-1 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Infect Dis Poverty. 2018 May 14;7(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s40249-018-0428-1.