PMID- 29757971
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180926
LR  - 20181207
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 5
DP  - 2018 May 14
TI  - Comparison of the Conventional and Electroenhanced Direct-Immersion Solid-Phase 
      Microextraction for Sampling of Nicotine in Biological Fluids of the Human Body.
LID - 10.3390/molecules23051171 [doi]
LID - 1171
AB  - A stainless steel fiber was made porous and adhesive by platinization and then 
      coated by nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy), using an appropriate electrophoretic 
      deposition (EPD) method. The morphological surface structure and functional 
      groups of the PPy-coated fiber were studied using SEM (Scanning electron 
      microscope) instrument. The prepared fiber was used for comparison of direct 
      immersion (DI) and electroenhanced direct immersion solid-phase microextraction 
      (EE-DI-SPME) of nicotine in human plasma and urine samples followed by gas 
      chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) determination. The effects of 
      the influential experimental parameters on the efficiency of the DI-SPME and 
      EE-DI-SPME methods, including the pH and ionic strength of the sample solution, 
      applied Direct current (DC) voltage, extraction temperature and time and stirring 
      rate, were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curves for 
      the DI-SPME-GC-FID and EE-DI-SPME-GC-FID methods were linear over the ranges of 
      0.1(-)10.0 mug mL(-1) and 0.001(-)10.0 mug mL(-1), respectively. The relative standard 
      deviations (RSDs, n = 6) were found to be 6.1% and 4.6% for the DI and EE 
      strategies, respectively. The LODs (limit of detection) of the DI-SPME-GC-FID and 
      EE-DI-SPME-GC-FID methods were found to be 10 and 0.3 ng mL(-1), respectively. 
      The relative recovery values (for the analysis of 1 microg mL(-1) nicotine) were 
      found to be 91(-)110% for EE-DI-SPME and 75(-)105% for DI-SPME. The enrichment 
      factors for DI-SPME and EE-DI-SPME sampling were obtained as 38,734 and 50,597, 
      respectively. The results indicated that EE-SPME was more efficient for 
      quantitation of nicotine in biological fluids. The developed procedure was 
      successfully carried out for the extraction and measurement of nicotine in real 
      plasma and urine samples.
FAU - Abdolhosseini, Sana
AU  - Abdolhosseini S
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad 
      44316-68151, Iran. sana_abdolhoseiny@yahoo.com.
FAU - Ghiasvand, Ali Reza
AU  - Ghiasvand AR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4570-7988
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad 
      44316-68151, Iran. alireza.ghiasvand@utas.edu.au.
FAU - Heidari, Nahid
AU  - Heidari N
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad 
      44316-68151, Iran. nheidari44@yahoo.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20180514
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Coated Materials, Biocompatible)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 0 (Pyrroles)
RN  - 0 (Solutions)
RN  - 30604-81-0 (polypyrrole)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Body Fluids/*chemistry
MH  - Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Nanostructures/chemistry/ultrastructure
MH  - Nicotine/*chemistry/*isolation & purification
MH  - Osmolar Concentration
MH  - Polymers/chemistry
MH  - Pyrroles/chemistry
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - *Solid Phase Microextraction/methods
MH  - Solutions
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC6099498
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - direct-immersion SPME
OT  - electroenhanced SPME
OT  - nicotine
OT  - plasma
OT  - urine
COIS- The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
EDAT- 2018/05/15 06:00
MHDA- 2018/09/27 06:00
PMCR- 2018/05/14
CRDT- 2018/05/15 06:00
PHST- 2018/03/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/04/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2018/05/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2018/05/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/05/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/09/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/05/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules23051171 [pii]
AID - molecules-23-01171 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules23051171 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2018 May 14;23(5):1171. doi: 10.3390/molecules23051171.