PMID- 29761763
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190827
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1476-1645 (Electronic)
IS  - 0002-9637 (Print)
IS  - 0002-9637 (Linking)
VI  - 99
IP  - 1
DP  - 2018 Jul
TI  - In Southern Nigeria Loa loa Blood Microfilaria Density is Very Low Even in Areas 
      with High Prevalence of Loiasis: Results of a Survey Using the New LoaScope 
      Technology.
PG  - 116-123
LID - 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0163 [doi]
AB  - Ivermectin treatment can cause central nervous system adverse events (CNS-AEs) in 
      persons with very high-density Loa loa microfilaremia (>/= 30,000 mf/mL blood). 
      Hypoendemic onchocerciasis areas where L. loa is endemic have been excluded from 
      ivermectin mass drug administration programs (MDA) because of the concern for CNS 
      AEs. The rapid assessment procedure for L. loa (RAPLOA) is a questionnaire survey 
      to assess history of eye worm. If >/= 40% of respondents report eye worm, this 
      correlates with >/= 2% prevalence of very high-density loiasis microfilaremia, 
      posing an unacceptable risk of CNS-AEs after MDA. In 2016, we conducted a L. loa 
      study in 110 ivermectin-naive, suspected onchocerciasis hypoendemic villages in 
      southern Nigeria. In previous RAPLOA surveys these villages had prevalences 
      between 10% and 67%. We examined 10,605 residents using the LoaScope, a cell 
      phone-based imaging device for rapidly determining the microfilaria (mf) density 
      of L. loa infections. The mean L. loa village mf prevalence was 6.3% (range 
      0-29%) and the mean individual mf count among positives was 326 mf/mL. The 
      maximum individual mf count was only 11,429 mf/mL, and among 2,748 persons 
      sampled from the 28 villages with >/= 40% RAPLOA, the >/= 2% threshold of very high 
      Loa mf density could be excluded with high statistical confidence (P < 0.01). 
      These findings indicate that ivermectin MDA can be delivered in this area with 
      extremely low risk of L. loa-related CNS-AEs. We also concluded that in Nigeria 
      the RAPLOA survey methodology is not predictive of >/= 2% prevalence of very 
      high-density L. loa microfilaremia.
FAU - Emukah, Emmanuel
AU  - Emukah E
AD  - The Carter Center, Owerri, Nigeria.
FAU - Rakers, Lindsay J
AU  - Rakers LJ
AD  - The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia.
FAU - Kahansim, Barminas
AU  - Kahansim B
AD  - The Carter Center, Jos, Nigeria.
FAU - Miri, Emmanuel S
AU  - Miri ES
AD  - The Carter Center, Jos, Nigeria.
FAU - Nwoke, Bertram E B
AU  - Nwoke BEB
AD  - Parasitology Department, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.
FAU - Griswold, Emily
AU  - Griswold E
AD  - The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia.
FAU - Saka, Yisa
AU  - Saka Y
AD  - Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
FAU - Anagbogu, Ifeoma
AU  - Anagbogu I
AD  - Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
FAU - Davies, Emmanuel
AU  - Davies E
AD  - Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
FAU - Ityonzughul, Cephas
AU  - Ityonzughul C
AD  - The Carter Center, Jos, Nigeria.
FAU - D'Ambrosio, Michael
AU  - D'Ambrosio M
AD  - University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
FAU - Bakalar, Matthew
AU  - Bakalar M
AD  - University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
FAU - Fletcher, Daniel A
AU  - Fletcher DA
AD  - University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
FAU - Nutman, Thomas
AU  - Nutman T
AD  - National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
FAU - Kamgno, Joseph
AU  - Kamgno J
AD  - Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, 
      Cameroon.
AD  - Centre for Research on Filariasis, Yaounde, Cameroon.
FAU - Richards, Frank O
AU  - Richards FO
AD  - The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20180510
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Trop Med Hyg
JT  - The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
JID - 0370507
RN  - 0 (Filaricides)
RN  - 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Endemic Diseases/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Eye
MH  - Female
MH  - Filaricides/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ivermectin/therapeutic use
MH  - Loa/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity
MH  - Loiasis/diagnosis/*epidemiology/parasitology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mass Drug Administration/methods
MH  - Nigeria/epidemiology
MH  - *Parasite Load
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Rural Population
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
PMC - PMC6085777
EDAT- 2018/05/16 06:00
MHDA- 2019/08/28 06:00
PMCR- 2019/07/01
CRDT- 2018/05/16 06:00
PHST- 2018/05/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/08/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2018/05/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - tpmd180163 [pii]
AID - 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0163 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 Jul;99(1):116-123. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0163. Epub 2018 
      May 10.